Overview

A Parliamentary Joint Committee (JPC) is an ad hoc committee constituted by the Indian Parliament to examine a specific matter of public importance. It consists of members drawn from both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.

A JPC is usually formed to investigate serious policy issues, financial irregularities, or complex legislative matters requiring detailed scrutiny.

Constitution of JPC

• Created by a motion passed in one House and agreed to by the other House.
• Members are nominated by the presiding officers of both Houses.
• The strength of the committee varies depending on the issue.
• Generally, the Lok Sabha has a higher representation due to its larger membership.

The chairperson of the JPC is typically from the Lok Sabha.

Nature

• It is a temporary (ad hoc) committee.
• Formed for a specific purpose.
• Dissolved after submitting its report.

Functions

Investigative Role

• Examine matters of public concern such as financial scams or policy controversies.
• Call for records, summon witnesses, and seek expert opinions.

Legislative Scrutiny

• In some cases, examine draft legislation in detail.
• Suggest amendments and improvements.

Reporting

• Submit findings and recommendations to Parliament.
• The report may include dissent notes from members.

Powers

• Can summon individuals and request documents.
• Functions within parliamentary privilege.
• However, its recommendations are advisory and not binding.

Difference from Department-Related Standing Committees

• Standing Committees are permanent and subject-specific.
• A JPC is temporary and formed for a particular issue.
• JPCs are often constituted during major controversies.

Notable Instances

JPCs have been constituted in cases such as:

• Securities scam (1992)
• Harshad Mehta scam
• 2G spectrum allocation case
• Stock market scam (2001)

These committees played significant roles in parliamentary oversight.

Significance

• Enhances parliamentary accountability.
• Provides bipartisan scrutiny of complex issues.
• Allows detailed examination beyond routine debate.
• Strengthens transparency in governance.

Limitations

• Recommendations are not legally binding.
• Political divisions may affect objectivity.
• Implementation depends on executive action.

Conclusion

The Parliamentary Joint Committee is an important instrument of legislative oversight in India. Though temporary in nature, it plays a vital role in investigating major issues, ensuring transparency, and reinforcing parliamentary control over the executive.