Answer : D

Explanation :

The Constitution expressly secures the predominance of the Union List over the State List and the Concurrent List and that of the Concurrent List over the State List. Thus, in case of overlapping between the Union List and the State List, the former should prevail. In case of overlapping between the Union List and the Concurrent List, it is again the former which should prevail. Where there is a conflict between the Concurrent List and the State List, it is the former that should prevail.

In case of a conflict between the Central law and the state law on a subject enumerated in the Concurrent List, the Central law prevails over the state law. But, there is an exception. If the state law has been reserved for the consideration of the President and has received his assent, then the state law prevails in that state. But, it would still be competent for the Parliament to override such a law by subsequently making a law on the same matter.

Hence, Union list > Concurrent list > state list.

Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.

Therefore, Option D is the correct answer.

Answer : A

Explanation : Article 275 empowers the Parliament to make grants to the states which are in need of financial assistance and not to every state. Also, different sums may be fixed for different states. These sums are Charged on the Consolidated Fund of India every year. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect while Statement 2 is correct.

Apart from this general provision, the Constitution also provides for Specific grants for promoting the welfare of the scheduled tribes in a State or for raising the level of administration of the scheduled areas in a state including the State of Assam.

The statutory grants under Article 275 (both general and specific) Are given to the states on the recommendation of the Finance Commission. Hence, Statement 1 is correct answer. Therefore, Option A is the correct answer.

Answer : A

Explanation : To protect the interest of states in the financial matters, the Constitution lays down that the following bills can be introduced in the Parliament only on the recommendation of the President:

• A bill imposes or varies any tax or duty in which states are interested;
• A bill which varies the meaning of the expression ‘agricultural Income’ as defined for the purposes of the enactments relating to Indian income tax;
• A bill which affects the principles on which moneys are or may be Distributable to states; and
• A bill which imposes any surcharge on any specified tax or duty For the purpose of the Centre. Hence,

Both statements are correct and statements II explains the statement I.

Answer : C

Explanation : 1. Money Bills (Article 110): Require President's recommendation for introduction.

1. Financial Bills (Article 117): Require President's recommendation, especially if they involve expenditure from the Consolidated Fund.
   
2. Bills altering state boundaries (Article 3): Require President's recommendation before introduction.
   
3. Bills imposing restrictions on freedom of trade (Article 304): Require President's recommendation, However such particular provisions can be introduced in state legislative and not Parliament. Hence, the 4th statement is incorrect.
   
4. Bills varying the meaning of "agricultural income" (Article 271): Require President's recommendation, as this affects taxation.
   

Hence ,all of the above statements are correct.

Answer : A

Explanation :

Article 262 of the Constitution provides for the adjudication of inter- State water disputes. It makes two provisions:

(i) Parliament may by law provide for the adjudication of any dispute or complaint with respect to the use, distribution and control of Waters of any inter-state river and river valley.
(ii) Parliament may also provide that neither the Supreme Court nor Any other court is to exercise jurisdiction in respect of any such Dispute or complaint.

Hence, Statement 2 is correct while statement 1 is incorrect.

Under this provision, the Parliament has enacted two laws [the River Boards Act (1956) and the Inter-State Water Disputes Act (1956)]. The River Boards Act provides for the establishment of river boards for the regulation and development of inter-state river and River valleys. A river board is established by the Central government on the request of the state governments concerned to advise them. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect. Therefore, Answer is A.