Background and Location Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the …
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Background and Location Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the …
Background and Location Gir Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the …
Background and Location Saurashtra is a peninsular region located in …
Shinkansen is Japan’s high-speed railway system, popularly known as the …
A High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite (HAPS) is an unmanned aerial platform …
The Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM) is an indigenously developed …
Background The National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) is India’s flagship …
Background The Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) is an interactive online …
Background and Location Orang Tiger Reserve is located in the …
Background and Location Pakke Tiger Reserve, also known as Pakhui …
Background and Location Sonai-Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area …
Background and Location Nameri Tiger Reserve is an important protected …
The Independent International Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence (IISPAI) is …
Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) are grassroots-level workers under the Integrated Child …
ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) is a community health worker …
HPV vaccination protects against infection caused by the Human Papillomavirus …
The Mandsaur Model refers to the community-based HPV vaccination strategy …
The National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) …
An ischemic stroke occurs when the blood supply to a …
The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) is the Government of …
UMANG stands for Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance. It …
The National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRDPR) …
The Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) is India’s premier research …
The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KSO) is one of India’s oldest …
The National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Battery Storage (NMTMBS) …
The Green Energy Corridors (GEC) are dedicated power transmission networks …
The Coal Gasification Mission is a Government of India initiative …
The Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme is a Government of …
The National Bioenergy Programme (NBP) is a flagship scheme of …
The Nyishi (also spelled Nishi) are the largest Scheduled Tribe …
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a recurring climate pattern …
The Interoperable Criminal Justice System (ICJS) is an e-Governance initiative …
Cooperative fiscal federalism means financial cooperation between the Union and …
Article 293 of the Indian Constitution deals with the borrowing …
Article 350A of the Indian Constitution directs every State and …
Romesh Thappar v. State of Madras, 1950 is one of …
State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan, 1951 is a landmark …
Brij Bhushan v. State of Delhi, 1950 is an important …
Rishi Ganga is a Himalayan river in Chamoli district of …
The Chungthang Hydropower Project usually refers to the Teesta Stage-III …
South Lhonak Lake is a high-altitude glacial lake in North …
Sangacho Lake is a high-altitude glacial lake in Arunachal Pradesh’s …
The Mago Chu Basin is a high-altitude river basin located …
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is India’s apex statutory …
Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana (PM-VBRY) is an employment-linked …
The National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission is a Government …
The Right to Walk means the right of pedestrians to …
Chapter VII of the UN Charter is the enforcement chapter …
UN Peace Support Operations are not just soldiers standing between …
The Jat Regiment is one of the oldest and most …
An NRO Account means Non-Resident Ordinary Account. It is an …
An NRE Account means Non-Resident External Account. It is a …
Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, 2015 is a landmark …
Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India, 2020 is a landmark …
Article 332A was inserted into the Constitution by the Constitution …
Article 330A was inserted into the Constitution by the Constitution …
The Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA), 2009 is a binding …
The Mombasa Declaration is an international declaration adopted by 15 …
The Bimal Jalan Committee was a committee set up by …
The Dancing Girl is one of the most famous artefacts …
The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, …
The Drugs Rules, 1945 are the detailed rules framed under …
The National Chambal Gharial Sanctuary, also called the National Chambal …
The Chambal River is an important river of north-central India …
National Highway 27 (NH-27) is one of India’s most important …
The Dhola–Sadiya Bridge, officially known as the Bhupen Hazarika Setu, …
The Ahmedabad–Mumbai Corridor usually refers to the Mumbai–Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail …
The United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR) is UN-Water’s …
Gold Demand Trends is a regular report released by the …
The Central Bank Gold Reserves Survey is an annual survey …
Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement allows countries to cooperate …
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are carbon-based chemicals that easily evaporate …
The India–France InnoXchange Bridge is a proposed bilateral startup and …
TAPAS-BH-201 is an indigenous Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (MALE …
Heron is a family of Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicles …
The MQ-9 Reaper is a remotely piloted armed drone developed …
A Fuel Cell-Electric Hybrid Vehicle is a vehicle that uses …
A Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle (HFCV) is an electric vehicle …
The Naga Schuppen Belt is a highly folded and faulted …
A recognised party is a political party that has been …
Great Tang Records on the Western Regions, also known as …
Harshavardhana, also known as Harsha, was one of the most …
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) is a Central Sector …
Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced by heating biomass such …
Project Nimbus is a cloud-computing project signed between the Government …
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a climate pattern caused …
Lily Thomas v. Union of India, 2013 is a landmark …
People’s Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India, 2013 …
Union of India v. Association for Democratic Reforms, 2002 is …
Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain, 1975 is one of …
Anoop Baranwal v. Union of India, 2023 is a landmark …
Public Interest Foundation v. Union of India, 2018 is a …
DAP stands for Di-Ammonium Phosphate. It is one of the …
INS Dunagiri is a Project 17A stealth guided-missile frigate of …
Rakhigarhi is one of the most important sites of the …
The South China Sea Arbitration was a landmark case brought …
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a multilateral development …
The Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) is an independent, …
The Global Gender Gap Report 2025 was released by the …
The Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994 is a …
Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) aims to ensure inclusive …
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with …
National Disability Pension Authority (NDPA) is not an existing statutory …
Article 41 of the Indian Constitution is a Directive Principle …
Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India, 1984 is a …
Francis Coralie Mullin v. Union Territory of Delhi, 1981 is …
Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) are individuals who have long-term physical, …
Minimum Universal Disability Pension Floor Rate means a proposed nationally …
Project Kusha is India’s indigenous long-range air defence system being …
Mission Sudarshan Chakra is India’s planned multi-layered national air and …
The Coal Mines Special Provisions Act, 2015 was enacted to …
The Coking Coal Mines Nationalisation Act, 1972 was enacted to …
The Coal Mines Nationalisation Act, 1973 was a major law …
The Coal Controller Organisation (CCO) is a subordinate office under …
The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2025 …
The Coal Exchange Rules, 2026 were notified by the Ministry …
The Ministry of Coal is the Union ministry responsible for …
The Chotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908 is a major land-protection law …
Latin America refers to the region of the Americas where …
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) refers to procedures involving the partial …
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is a statutory body …
The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution is …
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is India’s national standards …
Musandam Peninsula of Oman – The Musandam Peninsula is a …
Corporate bonds are debt instruments issued by companies to raise …
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is a digital system in which …
Blockchain technology is a form of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) …
The National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) is an autonomous …
A Capital Account Deficit occurs when a country’s capital outflows …
Current Account Deficit (CAD) occurs when a country’s total payments …
Gross Foreign Direct Investment (Gross FDI) refers to the total …
India’s net Foreign Direct Investment (net FDI) means the actual …
Shiv Shakti Point is the name given to the landing …
COP31 is the 31st Conference of the Parties to the …
COP21 was the 21st Conference of the Parties to the …
COP27 was the 27th Conference of the Parties to the …
The National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) is India’s official …
Mission Shakti can refer to two different UPSC-relevant topics. In …
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) is the …
Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) is a maternal health …
Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) refers to the number of deaths …
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) refers to the number of maternal …
E-PMSMA means Extended Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan. It was …
Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of Artificial Intelligence in …
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of machines or …
The H-1B visa is a United States non-immigrant work visa …
The Zojila Tunnel is a strategic road tunnel being constructed …
The Census Commissioner of India is the authority responsible for …
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is one of the …
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) means that all people should be …
Ayushman Bharat–Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) is India’s flagship …
The National Health Authority (NHA) is the apex body responsible …
The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) is the …
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) is a flagship scheme launched …
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) is the Union ministry …
The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) is India’s …
AYUSH refers to India’s traditional and non-conventional systems of healthcare: …
Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar is a national sports award given …
Gallantry Awards are honours given by the Government of India …
The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) is the Union ministry …
An Ordinance is a temporary law made by the President …
Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India, 2015 is …
Krishna Kumar Singh v. State of Bihar is a landmark …
D.C. Wadhwa v. State of Bihar is a landmark Supreme …
Article 216 of the Indian Constitution deals with the constitution …
Article 124(1) of the Indian Constitution deals with the establishment …
Article 123 of the Indian Constitution gives the President of …
Central Asia is the landlocked region at the heart of …
The Central Asian Flyway (CAF) is one of the world’s …
The Delhi Bird Atlas 2025 is a citizen-science initiative to …
The Aravalli Ridge is the northern extension of the Aravalli …
The one-horned rhinoceros, also called the Indian rhinoceros, is a …
The Greater Adjutant Stork is a large wetland and scavenging …
The Asian Openbill is a medium-sized stork found across South …
The Himalayan Griffon Vulture is a large Old World vulture …
The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) is a …
Somaliland is a self-declared republic located in the Horn of …
Berbera Port is a major port located at Berbera in …
The Horn of Africa is a strategically important region in …
Sovereign Green Bonds (SGrBs) are government-issued bonds used to raise …
G-Sec means Government Security. It is a debt instrument issued …
Long-Term Capital Gain (LTCG) is the profit earned from selling …
Short-Term Capital Gain (STCG) is the profit earned from selling …
The Fully Accessible Route (FAR) is a special channel through …
The Shola-Grassland ecosystem is a unique high-altitude ecosystem of the …
Mukurthi National Park is a high-altitude protected area located in …
The Nilgiri Hills are one of the most important hill …
The Anamalai Hills are an important hill range of the …
The Kanyakumari Hills form the southernmost hill ranges of the …
The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation …
The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) is India’s …
Blue carbon ecosystems are coastal and marine ecosystems that capture …
Article 351 of the Indian Constitution gives a directive to …
Article 344(1) of the Indian Constitution deals with the appointment …
The Montessori model is an educational approach developed by Dr. …
The ATF Price Stabilisation Fund is a proposed support mechanism …
GATT 1994 means the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade …
The Most-Favoured Nation (MFN) principle is a core rule of …
The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 is the main law for …
The Northeast Monsoon is the winter monsoon system of India, …
The Southwest Monsoon is the most important rainfall system of …
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are the most vulnerable sections …
The Akula-class submarine is a Russian nuclear-powered attack submarine, known …
The Su-30MKI is a twin-engine, multirole fighter aircraft of the …
RudraM-II is an indigenously developed air-to-surface missile of India, developed …
The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures changes in prices received …
The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) measures the change in prices …
ASAT capability means the ability of a country to destroy, …
Neo-Vaishnavite culture refers to the religious, social and cultural movement …
The Subansiri River is a major Trans-Himalayan tributary of the …
The Brahmaputra River System is one of the largest and …
The Free Movement Regime (FMR) was a special border arrangement …
Haifa Port is one of Israel’s most important seaports, located …
The African Union (AU) is a continental organisation representing the …
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) is a proposed connectivity …
Maitri Setu is a bridge between India and Bangladesh built …
The Sharda River is a major Himalayan river of the …
Gir National Park is located in the Saurashtra region of …
The African lion is a major large carnivore of Africa …
Mitiyala Wildlife Sanctuary is a small but important protected area …
Paniya Wildlife Sanctuary, also called Chanchai-Paniya Wildlife Sanctuary, is located …
The Department of Military Affairs (DMA) is a department under …
The Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) is the senior-most military …
Kartik Oraon v. David Munzni is an important Patna High …
State of Kerala v. Chandramohanan is an important Supreme Court …
Introduction Article 342 deals with the constitutional identification of Scheduled …
Context: Man turns tragic loss into mission to help students …
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 regulates the conditions …
Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar, 1979 is a landmark …
Public Interest Litigation is a legal mechanism through which courts …
M.C. Mehta cases refer to a series of landmark environmental …
T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India is one of …
S.P. Gupta v. Union of India, 1981 is a landmark …
Kavus are traditional sacred groves found mainly in Kerala, especially …
Maharaja Gulab Singh was the founder of the Dogra dynasty …
Fujairah Oil Industry Zone, or FOIZ, is a specialised oil …
The Model Code of Conduct is a set of guidelines …
The Hantan River, also written as Hantangang, is a river …
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome is a viral disease caused …
Meaning Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome is a rare but severe viral …
Cape Verde, officially called the Republic of Cabo Verde, is …
Hantaviruses are a group of viruses mainly carried by rodents. …
The Depositor Education and Awareness Fund is a fund maintained …
Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, writer, philosopher, composer, painter, …
Anandamath is a Bengali political novel written by Bankim Chandra …
The Swadeshi Movement was one of the earliest mass movements …
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, also known as Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, was …
Article 124(2) deals with the appointment of judges of the …
The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act, 1956 is a …
Operation Sindoor was India’s military operation launched on 7 May …
The National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan, commonly called NOS-DCP, …
Meaning An Oil Spill Contingency Plan is a prepared response …
Kerala State Pollution Control Board is the statutory pollution control …
Meaning The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean in the …
Meaning Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, or AMOC, is a large …
The Law Commission 255th Report was titled Electoral Reforms. It …
The Second Administrative Reforms Commission, commonly called 2nd ARC, was …
Meaning The Planning Commission was the central planning body of …
Meaning SDGs stand for Sustainable Development Goals. They are a …
Meaning NITI Aayog stands for National Institution for Transforming India. …
Meaning Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, commonly called HPCL, is a …
Meaning Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, commonly called BPCL, is one …
Meaning Indian Oil Corporation, commonly called IndianOil or IOC, is …
Meaning Brent crude is one of the world’s most important …
Meaning NCRB stands for the National Crime Records Bureau. It …
Meaning The Nobel Prize in Literature is one of the …
Green methanol is a low-carbon form of methanol produced from …
Prosopis juliflora is an invasive alien plant species belonging to …
The Mizo National Front insurgency was an armed movement in …
The 1959 Mautam famine was a severe food crisis in …
Hmar People’s Convention (Democratic), commonly called HPC(D), was an armed …
Household Social Consumption: Health is a National Sample Survey that …
IN–SLN DIVEX 2026 refers to the India–Sri Lanka Navy Diving …
INS Nireekshak is a specialised Diving Support Vessel of the …
Operation Barkhane was a French-led counter-terrorism military operation in the …
Mali is a landlocked country in West Africa, located in …
Meaning Tuareg rebels are armed groups drawn mainly from the …
The Mekong River is one of the most important transboundary …
B50 biodiesel is a diesel fuel blend containing: The letter …
OPEC+ is an alliance of OPEC members and non-OPEC oil-producing …
OPEC stands for the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. …
Meaning The Index of Service Production is a proposed high-frequency …
Meaning The RATS – Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure is a permanent …
Saint Francis Xavier was a Spanish Jesuit missionary and one …
Mattala Airport refers to Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport in Hambantota, …
Debt trap diplomacy refers to a situation where a powerful …
Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was an Indian physicist, institution-builder and space …
Vikram-1 is India’s first privately developed orbital-class launch vehicle, built …
Skyroot Aerospace is a Hyderabad-based private space technology company working …
Context: Nepal PM Sparks Row Over India–Nepal Boundary Issue Nepal …
Context: India-Oman CEPA Comes into Effect The India-Oman Comprehensive Economic …
Context: No Lion Deaths Reported in Last 3 Days Amid …
Context: General N.S. Raja Subramani Takes Charge as CDS; Lays …
Meaning Africa is the second-largest continent in the world after …
Meaning India-Africa relations refer to India’s political, economic, cultural, developmental …
Meaning South–South cooperation means cooperation among developing countries of the …
Meaning Bt cotton is a genetically modified cotton variety developed …
Meaning A Kharif cash crop is a crop grown during …
Meaning Cotton is one of India’s most important commercial crops …
Meaning Semicon India Programme is the Government of India’s umbrella …
Meaning Gitanjali means “an offering of songs”. It is a …
Santiniketan is a cultural and educational site located in Birbhum …
The Department of Military Affairs, or DMA, is a department …
The Chief of Defence Staff, or CDS, is India’s senior-most …
Agni Ballistic Missile is a family of Indian surface-to-surface ballistic …
The Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme, or IGMDP, was India’s …
It is a missile technology in which a single ballistic …
CODECO stands for Cooperative for the Development of Congo. It …
Ituri is a province in the north-eastern part of the …
North Kivu is a province in the eastern part of …
The Democratic Republic of Congo, commonly called DRC, is a …
Meaning The Indian Ocean Rim Association, or IORA, is an …
Article 19(1)(g) of the Indian Constitution gives every citizen the …
Article 30(1) of the Indian Constitution gives religious and linguistic …
Article 26(a) gives every religious denomination, or any section of …
Article 253 of the Indian Constitution gives Parliament the power …
The Bhopal Gas Tragedy was one of the world’s worst …
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is India’s umbrella environmental legislation. …
The Stockholm Declaration, 1972 was adopted at the United Nations …
A Materials Recovery Facility, or MRF, is a waste-management facility …
The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026 are India’s updated legal …
INS Kirpan was an indigenously built Khukri-class missile corvette of …
The National Mobile Monitoring System is a digital attendance and …
Forex reserves, or foreign exchange reserves, are external assets held …
The National Testing Agency (NTA ) is an autonomous testing …
The University Grants Commission Act, 1956 is the law that …
The Central Water Commission is India’s premier technical organisation in …
Atal Bhujal Yojana, also called Atal Jal, is a Central …
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana is a flagship irrigation scheme …
Namami Gange Programme is an integrated river-rejuvenation programme launched by …
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation is a centrally …
Meaning Su-Sahayak is an AI-powered chatbot integrated with the Supreme …
Meaning One Case, One Data is a digital judicial initiative …
Meaning The Ministry of Earth Sciences is the nodal ministry …
Meaning Automatic Weather Stations are automated systems that record and …
The India Meteorological Department is India’s national meteorological agency under …
Meaning Flexible Inflation Targeting is India’s monetary policy framework under …
Endometrial cancer is cancer of the endometrium, the inner lining …
The Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992 is the …
Coal gasification is a process in which coal is converted …
Meaning Current Account Deficit arises when a country’s payments on …
Meaning Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess is a special cess …
Meaning Basic Customs Duty is the basic tax imposed on …
The Godavari Valley is one of the most important river-valley …
The Damodar River is an important east-flowing river of eastern …
A landslides is the downward movement of rock, soil, debris …
3D Glass Technology: Meaning 3D glass technology refers to the …
India Semiconductor Mission Meaning India Semiconductor Mission is the Government …
Meaning The Druzhba Pipeline, also called the Friendship Pipeline, is …
Meaning Tobacco is an agricultural product obtained from the leaves …
Meaning ICMR-NICPR stands for Indian Council of Medical Research – …
Meaning Alternative Investment Funds are privately pooled investment vehicles that …
Meaning Social Stock Exchange is a separate segment of a …
Meaning E20 means petrol blended with 20% ethanol and 80% …
Meaning Flex-fuel vehicles are vehicles that can run on more …
Meaning E85 is a high-ethanol fuel blend used mainly in …
Meaning Carbon stock refers to the total amount of carbon …
Meaning CO₂ fertilisation is the process in which higher atmospheric …
The Dinesh Goswami Committee was an important committee on electoral …
The Tarkunde Committee was an important committee on electoral reforms …
The Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions …
The Anoop Baranwal judgment refers to the Supreme Court’s 2023 …
The School Management Committee Guidelines, 2026 are new guidelines issued …
UDISE+ stands for Unified District Information System for Education Plus. …
ASER stands for Annual Status of Education Report. It is …
Meaning India–Vietnam Enhanced Comprehensive Strategic Partnership refers to the upgraded …
Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India 2024, or ADSI, is …
Article 172 of the Indian Constitution deals with the duration …
Article 164(1) deals with the appointment of the Chief Minister …
Nabam Rebia v. Deputy Speaker is a landmark Supreme Court …
Meaning A floor test is a constitutional method used to …
S.R. Bommai v. Union of India is a landmark Supreme …
The International Big Cat Alliance is a global initiative led …
The New Delhi Declaration on global big cat conservation is …
Project Tiger is India’s flagship tiger conservation programme. It was …
Background The Asiatic cheetah once existed in India, but it …
Project Snow Leopard is India’s conservation programme for protecting the …
Present Status The Asiatic lion population has increased significantly in …
Meaning State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh is a landmark …
Meaning E.V. Chinnaiah v. State of Andhra Pradesh was a …
Meaning The Justice H.N. Nagamohan Das Commission was a one-man …
Meaning Southeast Asia is a geographical region located between South …
Meaning Tropical Africa refers to the part of Africa that …
Meaning Pantanal wildfires refer to large-scale fires occurring in the …
Meaning Vertebrate species are animal species that have a backbone …
Meaning Greenfield investment means setting up a completely new project …
Gross FDI Gross FDI shows total foreign investment coming into …
Meaning Gross FDI means the total foreign direct investment coming …
Meaning Net FDI means the actual foreign direct investment that …
Meaning A whip is an official direction issued by a …
Meaning The 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 was introduced to …
Meaning The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985 introduced the Anti-Defection …
Meaning The Banking Regulation Act, 1949 is the main law …
Background The Nachiket Mor Committee was officially called the Committee …
Meaning Payments Banks are a special category of banks created …
Meaning PMAY-G stands for Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin. It is …
Meaning The Criminal Tribes Act, 1871 was a colonial law …
Meaning The Union Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is …
Meaning Nomadic Tribes are communities that traditionally move from one …
Meaning The National Human Rights Commission is a statutory body …
Meaning The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 is a …
Meaning The Index of Eight Core Industries measures the production …
Meaning The Central Ground Water Board is India’s main national …
Meaning Bioaccumulation is the progressive accumulation of a chemical substance …
Meaning The Asian Games, also called the Asiad, are a …
Meaning The Olympic Council of Asia is the main continental …
The 2030 Commonwealth Games will be the centenary edition of …
Meaning The Aspirational Districts Programme is a governance initiative launched …
Meaning Aadi Karmayogi Programme, officially called the Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan, …
Meaning Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan is a major …
Meaning Left Wing Extremism refers to violent Maoist/Naxalite insurgency in …
PM-JANMAN stands for Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan. …
Meaning Article 262 deals with the adjudication of disputes relating …
The dam was built for multiple purposes: The Mahanadi basin …
Mahanadi River: Basic Facts The Mahanadi is a major east-flowing …
Meaning The Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956 is a …
Meaning NBS stands for Nutrient Based Subsidy. It is a …
Meaning Neem-coated urea is ordinary urea fertiliser coated with neem …
Meaning The State Finance Commission is a constitutional body created …
Meaning The State Election Commission is a constitutional authority responsible …
Meaning Part IX of the Indian Constitution deals with Panchayats. …
Meaning The 11th Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains the …
Meaning Yellow fever is an acute viral disease transmitted mainly …
Meaning Japanese Encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral disease that can …
The Centre for Social and Economic Progress, or CSEP, is …
The Periodic Labour Force Survey is India’s main official survey …
Female Labour Force Participation Rate measures the share of women …
CRISPR was originally discovered as a natural defence mechanism in …
Meaning An avalanche is a rapid downslope movement of snow, …
The Alaknanda basin refers to the drainage area of the …
Meaning The West Bank is a landlocked Palestinian territory located …
Meaning Gaza, or the Gaza Strip, is a narrow coastal …
The Golan Heights is a hilly plateau in the south-west …
East Jerusalem refers to the eastern part of Jerusalem that …
Meaning The Yellow Line is a recent term used for …
Introduction The State Election Commission is a constitutional body responsible …
Introduction Article 161 empowers the Governor of a state to …
Introduction Article 3 gives Parliament the power to reorganize the …
Introduction Article 4 is an important supporting provision in the …
Introduction The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Amendment Bill 2026 is a …
Introduction Article 324(1) is the cornerstone of India’s electoral system. …
Introduction The Intelligence Bureau is India’s primary internal intelligence agency. …
Introduction BRICS is a grouping of major emerging economies consisting …
The UDAN Scheme, short for Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik, …
Introduction Single use plastics refer to plastic products that are …
Introduction • A Long Range Surface to Air Missile system …
Introduction • S 400 is a long range surface to …
Introduction • The Foreign Exchange Management Act is the principal …
Introduction • The Act is a criminal law enacted to …
• Article 51A(a) states that it is the duty of …
Introduction • The Cauvery water dispute is one of India’s …
Introduction • The Urjit Patel Committee was constituted by the …
Introduction • The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 provides …
Introduction Article 366(25) states that Scheduled Tribes means such tribes …
Introduction Article 44 is a Directive Principle of State Policy …
What it is • Released by Transparency International• Measures perceived …
Introduction 3D bioprinting is a process of fabricating biological structures …
Introduction Organ-on-chip is an advanced biomedical technology that uses a …
Introduction Organoids are small, three-dimensional structures grown in the laboratory …
Introduction Biopharma SHAKTI is a flagship scheme announced in the …
Exclusive power of Parliament Article 341(2) provides that after the …
Constitutional basis of identification Article 341(1) empowers the President to …
Introduction Article 341 deals with the identification of Scheduled Castes …
Original rule under Clause 3 Clause 3 was one of …
The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 is the Presidential Order …
Scheduled Castes are those castes, communities, or groups that are …
Nikshay Vahans are mobile vans used under India’s tuberculosis elimination …
Introduction Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, commonly …
Introduction TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan is India’s intensified campaign under …
Introduction The 1950 Treaty of Peace and Friendship is one …
Introduction The India–Nepal border dispute is an important bilateral issue …
Introduction The Indian diaspora in the Gulf is one of …
Power of Parliament to make laws with respect to elections …
Introduction The 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023 is the constitutional …
Introduction The Women’s Reservation Act, 2023 is popularly known as …
Introduction South Asia is a major geographical and geopolitical region …
Introduction Gynandromorphy is a rare biological condition in which a …
Introduction Nilgiri langur is an endemic primate of the Western …
Introduction The lion-tailed macaque is one of the most distinctive …
Introduction Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is the first biosphere reserve established …
Introduction • Kunthipuzha is an important perennial river of Kerala.• …
Why it is in news The species gained attention because …
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 …
Introduction Keeladi is an important archaeological site in Tamil Nadu …
Introduction Sangam-age society refers to the social, economic, political, and …
Introduction Why it is important Oil export significance Strategic significance …
Introduction Constellation Services provided Accuracy Segments of NavIC Frequency bands …
Introduction • The Maitreya statue refers to sculptural representations of …
Introduction • The Piprahwa Relics are a set of sacred …
Introduction Uranium is a naturally occurring radioactive element and the …
Introduction Thorium is a radioactive chemical element with atomic number …
Introduction Plutonium is a radioactive, synthetic, transuranium element with atomic …
Introduction • The Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor, commonly called PFBR, …
Introduction Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs), are nuclear power reactors …
Introduction The Ganga Water Sharing Treaty, 1996 is an agreement …
Introduction The Teesta River dispute is a long-standing water-sharing issue …
Introduction Purpose of the mission Why Chang’e 4 was important …
Introduction Purpose of the mission Launch and mission timeline Crew …
Introduction Artemis II is NASA’s first crewed mission under the …
Introduction Luna 9 was a Soviet robotic lunar mission and …
Introduction Chandrayaan-3 is India’s third lunar mission and the country’s …
Introduction Legal basis Purpose of the Rules Scope of the …
Introduction Exact constitutional text and core idea Meaning of “one …
Introduction Exact constitutional text and core idea Article 15(1) Article …
Introduction Location Who is developing the project Scale of the …
Introduction Location and extent Nature of the range Relief and …
Introduction Exact constitutional idea Constitutional purpose Protection given to the …
Introduction Constitutional basis Purpose of the Act Scope of the …
• Uranium enrichment means increasing the proportion of uranium-235 in …
Introduction SECC 2011 was an exercise carried out to create …
Introduction The World Inequality Lab is a research centre based …
DISCOM stands for Distribution Company. In the Indian power sector, …
Introduction The Utility-Led Aggregation, or ULA, model is an implementation …
Introduction The Khilafat Movement was a major political and religious …
Introduction The National Disaster Response Force, or NDRF, is India’s …
Introduction Purpose of the Act Basic objective Meaning of company …
Introduction Background Jan Vishwas Bill, 2025 Select Committee stage Jan …
Introduction Purpose of the Bill Ministry concerned Status Scope of …
Introduction Nature of the service Legal basis Purpose of the …
Introduction Meaning of the term Ministry control List of CAPFs …
Introduction Recent context Meaning of a Quantum Reference Facility Why …
Introduction Background Objective of the programme Institutional framework Foundation and …
Introduction Date of observance Nature of the observance Origin Why …
Introduction Mission context What is an Integrated Air Drop Test …
Introduction Ramsar status Location Nature of the wetland Size and …
Introduction Geographic location Wakhan Corridor Relationship between Xinjiang and PoK …
Introduction Location Extent Meaning of the name Physical character Highest …
Introduction Location Borders Why it exists Geographic character Important pass …
Introduction Basic meaning Why it is called “CAR-T” Main objective …
Introduction Basic meaning Main objective How immunotherapy works Major types …
Introduction Generic name Drug class How it works Main purpose …
Introduction Meaning of the title Authorship and date Nature of …
Introduction Meaning of the title Author Nature of the work …
Introduction Founder Year of establishment Meaning of the name Background …
Introduction Birth and background Marriage and intellectual growth Pioneer of …
Introduction Birth and background Education and intellectual influence Work with …
Introduction Exact constitutional text Core constitutional idea Power to summon …
Introduction Core meaning Key features Difference from racism Causes Political …
Introduction Compilation Final Guruship Nature of the scripture Language and …
Introduction Why it was in the news State context Background …
Introduction Why it is in the news Nature of the …
Introduction Nature of the organisation Why it was created Relation …
Introduction Why it emerged Main objective Conversion event The 22 …
Introduction Meaning of the name Why it was formed Main …
Introduction Founder Year of formation Background Why it was formed …
Introduction Founder and leadership Why it was formed Historical background …
Introduction Founder Year of formation Why it was formed Nature …
Introduction Constitutional background Institutional framework Central Pollution Control Board State …
Introduction Exact constitutional text To whom it applies Freedom of …
Introduction Core idea Meaning of “procedure established by law” Expansion …
Introduction States through which it flows Basin area General direction …
Introduction Basic meaning Why it is important What BOD indicates …
Introduction Legal basis Who conducts the census Purpose of the …
Introduction Exact constitutional idea Article 170(1) Territorial constituencies Population–seat principle …
Introduction Exact constitutional provision Main purpose Who carries out the …
Introduction Why it is important Date of introduction Core subject …
Introduction Background of the case Why the case returned to …
Introduction Current centrally notified disaster list Total number Source of …
Introduction Enactment Purpose of the Act Why it was important …
Introduction Enactment and enforcement Purpose of the Code Why it …
Introduction Nature of a heatwave Why heatwaves are dangerous People …
Introduction Nature of the organisation Core functions Peaceful uses of …
Introduction Meaning Purpose Three dimensions of HDI Health indicator Education …
Introduction Nature of the canal Why it is important Important …
Introduction Location Length What it connects Why it is important …
Introduction Location What it connects Length Width Southern continuation Nature …
Introduction Who claims it Why it is important Traditional fishing …
Introduction Litani River: basic geography What “belt” means here Hydrological …
Introduction Historical significance Recent relevance
Introduction Why it is difficult to define Core idea Commonly …
Meaning Basic formula Example Where it is usually relevant
Meaning Where it is commonly used Example In simple majority, …
Introduction Exact constitutional text Key points in Article 89(2) Relation …
Introduction Why it was inserted Main purpose Article 334A(1) Practical …
Introduction Article 81(1) Meaning Article 81(2) Core principle Small-State exception …
Introduction Article 170(1) Article 170(2) Meaning Article 170(3) Existing Assembly …
Introduction Article 243E deals with the tenure and continuity of …
Introduction NAQUIM stands for National Aquifer Mapping and Management Programme. …
Introduction WASH stands for water, sanitation and hygiene. In contemporary …
Introduction The National Mission for Clean Ganga, or NMCG, is …
Introduction Shahid Kalantari Port is one of the two main …
Introduction The Persian Gulf is a shallow marginal sea of …
Introduction The Indian Space Research Organisation, or ISRO, is the …
Introduction BeiDou is China’s satellite navigation system. It is formally …
Introduction Galileo is the European Union’s global satellite navigation system. …
Introduction GLONASS stands for Global Navigation Satellite System. It is …
Meaning GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that provides information …
Meaning It is a type of geosynchronous orbit in which …
Meaning It is a circular orbit around the Earth in …
Introduction IRNSS (NavIC) satellite stands for Indian Regional Navigation Satellite …
Introduction Part XV of the Constitution deals with elections. It …
Introduction IBBI stands for the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of …
Introduction The National Company Law Tribunal is a quasi-judicial body …
Introduction The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is India’s comprehensive …
Introduction Article 24 of the UN Charter deals with the …
Introduction The Malakal–Renk corridor is a major road and supply …
Introduction South Sudan is a landlocked country located in East-Central …
Introduction The United Nations Disengagement Observer Force is a United …
Introduction UNMISS stands for the United Nations Mission in the …
Introduction Second-strike capability refers to the ability of a country …
Introduction K-15 Sagarika is an Indian submarine-launched ballistic missile developed …
Introduction K-4 is an Indian submarine-launched ballistic missile developed for …
Introduction INS Aridhaman is India’s third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine. …
Introduction INS Arighat is India’s second nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine. …
Introduction INS Arihant is India’s nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine. It …
Meaning Insurance density means the per capita insurance premium of …
Meaning Insurance penetration means the ratio of total insurance premiums …
Introduction The Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs is the cabinet …
Introduction The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet is the highest …
Introduction The Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs is one of …
Introduction The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs is one of …
Introduction The Cabinet Committee on Security is the most important …
Introduction The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 is the central …
Meaning A Parliamentary Standing Committee is a permanent committee of …
Introduction The Dinesh Goswami Committee was set up in 1990 …
Adult suffrage as the basis of elections Article 326 provides …
Agri-Photovoltaics, also called AgriPV or agrivoltaics, refers to the simultaneous …
PM-KUSUM stands for Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan …
Introduction TRIPS stands for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. …
Introduction Most Favoured Nation is a core principle of international …
Introduction The Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement is a WTO-led …
Introduction Extended Producer Responsibility is an environmental policy approach under …
Introduction The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2026 was introduced …
Introduction The Foreign Contribution Regulation Act 2010 is the main …
Background This landmark case challenged the constitutional validity of Section …
Concept Section 377 IPC was a colonial-era provision that criminalised …
Overview Article 5 is the core collective defence clause of …
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a political and …
Article 17 abolishes “untouchability” and forbids its practice in any …
Article 14 guarantees the right to equality before the law …
The Mahad Satyagraha (1927) was a landmark social movement led …
The Salt Satyagraha (1930), also known as the Dandi March, …
Article 324 vests the superintendence, direction and control of elections …
Overview The Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners Act, …
Overview The Executive in India refers to the branch of …
Concept Section 171 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 …
Background This landmark case challenged the constitutional validity of the …
Background The issue revolved around the validity of voting by …
Background The case challenged amendments to the Representation of the …
Constitutional Basis The Tenth Schedule of the Constitution contains provisions …
Concept Members of the Rajya Sabha Election are indirectly elected …
Sensex, officially known as the BSE Sensex (Sensitive Index), is …
Concept Nifty, officially known as the Nifty 50 Index, is …
Context The ongoing confrontation between Israel, Iran, and the United …
Overview The India–UK Free Trade Agreement, officially described as the …
Location and Landscape Parambikulam Tiger Reserve is located in the …
Anamalai Tiger Reserve is located in the Anamalai Hills of …
Endemic species are organisms that are confined to a specific …
Overview The Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) is a mountain ungulate …
Concept The tax-to-GDP ratio is a key indicator that measures …
Project Insight is an AI-driven tax governance system that leverages …
Pulses are a critical component of India’s diet, providing 20 …
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites …
Overview The United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation …
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in India Overview LPG is the …
Overview The National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (NICDC) is a …
Context The Union Cabinet has approved the Bharat Audyogik Vikas …
Meaning The Union Budget (annual financial statement) of the Government …
Context Parliament passed the Appropriation Bill 2026, with the Rajya …
A Finance Bill is a legislative proposal introduced annually in …
Overview Demands for Grants are formal requests for funds presented …
Overview The Consolidated Fund of India is the principal fund …
Concept The Departmentally Related Standing Committees (DRSCs) are a key …
Concept Kangaroo closure is a parliamentary procedure used during the …
In parliamentary practice, the guillotine refers to a procedure by …
Constitutional Position The Speaker (Lok Sabha) is the presiding officer …
A Starred Question is a category of parliamentary question listed …
Zero Hour is an informal parliamentary device in India that …
Supplementary questions are follow-up questions asked by Members of Parliament …
Question Hour is the first hour of a sitting in …
Overview The Code on Social Security, 2020 is one of …
The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 was enacted to regulate the …
Overview The New Development Bank (NDB) is a multilateral development …
Context India has assumed the BRICS Presidency for 2026 and …
Constitutional Basis Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) are constitutional bodies established …
Constitutional Framework The Sixth Schedule provides a unique system of …
Constitutional Provision Article 244(2) provides that the provisions of the …
Constitutional Provision Article 275(1) empowers Parliament to provide grants-in-aid to …
Overview The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023, also known as …
Concept The Delimitation Commission is a statutory and quasi-judicial body …
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is the average number of children …
Background In March 2026, the Government of Andhra Pradesh unveiled …
India–Finland Relations have elevated their bilateral relationship to a “Strategic …
A Kurdish state refers to the long-standing aspiration of the …
APEDA is a statutory body under the Ministry of Commerce …
The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is the Vice-President of …
The President of India is the constitutional head of the …
The Union Cabinet is the highest decision-making body of the …
The Union Council of Ministers is the executive body that …
Overview The India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway (IMT Highway) is a major …
Overview The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project (KMTTP) is a …
Overview The Act East Policy is India’s diplomatic and strategic …
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) is a medical condition in which …
Overview Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic …
Overview The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is a specialized agency …
Overview Search and Rescue Regions (SRRs) are designated areas of …
Overview The International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR), …
Overview Digital Selective Calling (DSC) Alert is an automated digital …
Overview MAYDAY is the internationally recognised distress signal used in …
Overview The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) is …
Overview RAF Akrotiri is a major Royal Air Force (RAF) …
Context The United States has officially designated its recent military …
Overview Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) refers to coordinated …
Overview The Gulf of Oman is a strategically important water …
Overview The Gulf of Aden is a strategically important water …
Overview A Geographical Indication (GI) is a form of intellectual …
Overview The Tea Act, 1953 is a legislation enacted by …
Overview India’s civilian nuclear power reactors are nuclear facilities used …
Overview Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) refers to uranium in which …
Overview Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) refers to uranium in which …
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is the average number of children …
Major Policies Supporting Coconut Cultivation Coconut Development Board (CDB) Coconut …
Overview The Australia–Canada–India framework, agreed during the G20 Summit in …
Meaning A Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) is a broad-based …
Goods and Services Tax (GST) Goods and Services Tax (GST) …
Overview Article 279A of the Indian Constitution provides for the …
Article 246A was inserted by the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act …
Overview The 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016 introduced the Goods …
Meaning Excise duty is an indirect tax levied on the …
Meaning Value Added Tax (VAT) is a multi-stage indirect tax …
Meaning “One Nation, One Tax” refers to the creation of …
Constitutional Basis Article 275 of the Constitution of India provides …
Constitutional Provision Article 280 of the Constitution of India provides …
Definition Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is the total monetary …
Context The 16th Finance Commission (Chair: Arvind Panagariya) has submitted …
The Strait of Hormuz is a strategically critical narrow waterway …
Overview The Iran Nuclear Deal, officially known as the Joint …
The 1979 Islamic Revolution was a transformative political upheaval in …
The Amazon River is the largest river in the world …
What is CPI Why Base Year Matters Issues with the …
The Afghan Civil War refers to multiple phases of internal …
Overview The Falklands War was a ten-week armed conflict between …
Overview The Gaza conflict refers to recurring cycles of armed …
Definition Article 51 of UN Charter ecognises the inherent right …
Overview The United Nations Charter is the founding treaty of …
Overview The High Seas Treaty, formally known as the Agreement …
Overview The International Criminal Court is a permanent international tribunal …
Overview The Iraq War refers primarily to the 2003 United …
Definition Septicemia refers to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and …
Definition Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes …
Overview The MenB vaccine protects against invasive disease caused by …
Overview MenACWY is a meningococcal conjugate vaccine that protects against …
Taxonomic Classification It is a Gram-negative, aerobic diplococcus that typically …
Institutional and Programme Context Operational Mandate Technical Configuration Strategic Implications …
Programme Background Design Philosophy Combat and Surveillance Systems Defence and …
Institutional Context Operational Doctrine Technical Capabilities Strategic Relevance
Institutional Background Strategic Rationale Technical and Operational Architecture Defence Significance
Overview Operation Vijay was the codename given to India’s military …
Overview Abhay is an Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft built …
Geographical Location Anjadip Island, also known as Anjediva Island, is …
Overview Objectives Key Features Incentives for Electric Vehicles Focus on …
Overview Objective What “Corporate Average” Means Evolution in India CAFE-I …
Overview Background Objectives Key Areas of Cooperation Institutional Collaboration Strategic …
Latest Development Evolution of Bilateral Relations Defence and Security Cooperation …
Meaning Critical minerals are minerals that are: In simple terms, …
Overview Objectives Key Components Domestic Exploration and Production Overseas Asset …
Meaning Gross Value Added is the measure of value created …
Meaning Gross Domestic Product is the total monetary value of …
Introduction Goods and Services Tax is a comprehensive indirect tax …
Overview The Durand Line is the 2,640-kilometre boundary separating Pakistan …
Overview Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), also known as the Pakistani Taliban, …
Overview Functions Powers Decision-Making Sessions Committees The UNGA operates through …
Overview Composition Jurisdiction The ICJ has jurisdiction in two main …
Overview Geographic Location Strategic Importance Historical Background Legal and Sovereignty …
Overview What is Circular Economy A circular economy seeks to: …
Overview What is Bioeconomy Bioeconomy refers to the production and …
Overview Meaning of Net-Zero India’s Climate Commitments (Panchamrit) Rationale for …
Overview Why CCU is Needed How CCU Works Carbon Capture …
Overview Meaning of Contempt Contempt refers to acts that: Types …
Constitutional Provision Meaning of Court of Record A Court of …
Overview Objectives Major Functions Curriculum Development Textbook Preparation Research and …
Meaning What is Dumping Dumping is not illegal per se …
Meaning Why is CVD Imposed Legal Basis Key Conditions for …
Overview Core Functions Objectives Evolution International Trade Organisation (ITO) General …
What is HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus …
Background The Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha was a major civil disobedience …
Overview Article 3 empowers Parliament to reorganise the internal political …
Overview The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an intergovernmental organisation …
Overview The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is …
Overview The National Green Hydrogen Mission is a flagship initiative …
Overview ALARA stands for As Low As Reasonably Achievable. It …
Overview The India–AI Impact Summit 2026, hosted in New Delhi, …
Overview Samyukt Kisan Morcha (SKM) is an umbrella coalition of …
Overview The Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) is a multi-stakeholder international …
Overview IBSA is a trilateral cooperation forum between India, Brazil …
Overview The India–MERCOSUR Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) is a limited …
Overview Takeshima Day is observed on 22 February every year …
Overview The Trade Act of 1974 is a major United …
Overview The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) is …
Overview The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is a parliamentary committee …
Overview The National Mission for Mother-Tongue-Based Multilingual Education aims to …
Overview The Fourth Geneva Convention, adopted in 1949, is one …
Overview The Oslo Accords were a series of agreements signed …
Overview The Six-Day War was fought from 5 to 10 …
Overview The Right to Information Act, 2005 came into force …
Introduction The Aircraft (Amendment) Act, 2020 is a significant legislative …
Introduction The Representation of the People Act, 1951 is one …
Introduction Proportional Representation by Single Transferable Vote is an electoral …
Introduction A Gram Sabha is the general assembly of all …
Overview Dharti Aaba Janbhagidari Abhiyan is a nationwide tribal empowerment …
Location Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Mandsaur …
Location Kuno National Park is located in the Sheopur district …
Introduction The National Stock Exchange of India is the country’s …
Introduction The Securities and Exchange Board of India is the …
Introduction The Indian Gas Exchange is India’s first automated national-level …
Definition Digital Public Infrastructure refers to a set of open, …
Overview The Durand Line is the 2,640-kilometre boundary separating Pakistan …
Overview The Global Energy Alliance for People and Planet is …
Genesis and Institutional Evolution UN Women was established in 2010 …
Context IndiaAI Mission 2.0 represents the second phase of India’s …
Introduction The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology is the …
Context In February 2026, the President of France visited India …
Location The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow maritime passage …
Context The ₹81,000-crore Great Nicobar infrastructure project has received clearance …
Introduction The National Green Tribunal is a specialised judicial body …
Concept • Fiscal deficit is the excess of total government …
Concept • Portion of total tax revenue retained by the …
Location The Arabian Sea is a part of the northern …
Meaning West Asia is a geographical term referring to the …
Why in News The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), led by …
Meaning Proportional Representation (PR) is an electoral system in which …
Agriculture Infrastructure Fund The Agriculture Infrastructure Fund is a ₹1 …
What is Lakhpati Didi Initiative A Lakhpati Didi is a …
Why in News The Government of India recently launched the …
Context The newly constructed complex housing the Prime Minister’s Office …
Background The Nariman Committee was constituted by the Reserve Bank …
Background The Lead Bank Scheme was introduced in 1969 on …
Overview A No-Confidence Motion is a parliamentary device through which …
Overview The Basic Structure Doctrine is a judicial principle developed …
Overview A Parliamentary Joint Committee (JPC) is an ad hoc …
Overview The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2023–24 is conducted …
Overview The Labour Bureau is an attached office under the …
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 granted constitutional status to …
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 gave constitutional status to …
Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease caused by the bacterium …
Kolkata–Khulna Rail Link The Kolkata–Khulna rail link is a key …
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was one of the foundational figures of …
The Information Technology Act, 2000 is India’s primary legislation governing …
Wular Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in …
The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) is a bilateral river water–sharing …
Species Overview The Peppered Moth (scientific name: Biston betularia) is …
Location and Extent The Amazon Rainforest is the largest tropical …
Meaning A Foreign Currency Non-Resident (FCNR) Account is a type …
Meaning Kharif crops are monsoon crops sown at the beginning …
Context The United States and Bangladesh have signed an Agreement …
Overview The Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR) …
Constitutional Provision Article 23(1) provides: “Traffic in human beings and …
Meaning Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic disorder affecting …
Meaning HbA1c refers to glycated hemoglobin, a form of hemoglobin …
Constitutional Basis The office of the Deputy Speaker is provided …
Constitutional Basis The office of the Speaker is provided under …
Constitutional Basis The removal of the Speaker of the Lok …
Why in News India and the United States have signed …
Location and Background Chabahar Port is located in southeastern Iran …
Introduction Rajya Sabha is the Upper House of the Parliament …
Meaning A Private Member’s Bill is a legislative proposal introduced …
Introduction The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985 introduced the Anti-Defection …
Constitutional Basis The power to punish for contempt is a …
Location and Administrative Structure Physical Geography Economic Features Ethnic and …
Introduction Sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries are rechargeable electrochemical energy storage systems …
Introduction Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are rechargeable electrochemical energy storage systems …
What are Critical Minerals Critical minerals are those minerals that …
Constitutional Basis The Gram Sabha is a foundational institution of …
Introduction The Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED) …
Introduction The Forest Rights Act (FRA) 2006 was enacted to …
Introduction The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a specialized judicial …
What is Rat-Hole Mining Rat-hole mining is an unscientific and …
Constitutional Basis Rationale The Concurrent List reflects the cooperative federal …
Constitutional Position of the Governor The Governor is the constitutional …
Location and Physical Features The mountain forms the core of …
Background and Context Objectives Scope and Numerical Limits Warhead Ceiling …
What is ICDS? Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is a …
What is Article 356? Article 356 of the Indian Constitution …
What is this Act? The Chief Election Commissioner and Other …
Historical Background & Need for Classification Key Findings of the …
What are Rare Earth Elements? Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are …
What is the Finance Commission? A constitutional body under Article …
What are Buddhist Circuits? Buddhist Circuits are thematic pilgrimage and …
Fiscal Deficit Fiscal deficit represents the total borrowing requirement of …
Capital Receipts Capital receipts refer to funds received by the …
Corporate tax is a direct tax levied on the net …
Status and Background Objectives of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 …
Concept • Government spending on creation of long term physical …
Concept • Portion of total tax revenue retained by the …
Concept • Tax collected from individuals and non corporate entities …
Concept • Tax collected from corporate profits before refunds and …
Concept • Measures total outstanding government debt relative to the …
Concept • Fiscal deficit is the excess of total government …
Nobel Peace Prize: What It Is Founder and Vision Place …
The East China Sea is a semi-enclosed marginal sea of …
Background The Ministry of Jal Shakti was created in May …
Ministry: Ministry of Jal ShaktiType: Centrally Sponsored SchemeLaunch: 2019Target: Functional …
What is Thalassemia? Thalassemia is an inherited haemoglobin disorder in …
What are iPSCs? Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are adult …
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is …
Why in News? The unavailability of essential drugs for treating …
The Economic Survey 2025–26 is the Government of India’s …
Ethanol blending refers to mixing ethanol with petrol to reduce …
Background The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act was …
The is one of the six principal organs of the …
Iran’s nuclear programme refers to its long-standing efforts to develop …
The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is a composite indicator …
The Ministry of Commerce & Industry is a key Union …
The Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits …
Lok Sabha is the Lower House of the Parliament of …
The Budget Session is the longest and most important session …
Structure The Federal Reserve has a decentralised structure with public …
About the Lecture The Fali S. Nariman Memorial Lecture is …
Constitutional Position The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the …
What is the CIC? The (CIC) is the highest appellate …
What is the CVC? The (CVC) is India’s apex integrity …
What is the Act? The Statutory (Salary and Allowances of …
Background The India–Euratom framework governs civil nuclear cooperation between India …
The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is a climate-linked trade …
Background India and the European Union resumed negotiations on a …
What is LR-AShM? The Long-Range Anti-Ship Hypersonic Glide Missile (LR-AShM) …
Antarctica is Earth’s southernmost continent, centred on the South Pole, …
International Solar Alliance (ISA) is an intergovernmental organisation aimed at …
What is Reserve Tranche Position? The Reserve Tranche Position (RTP) …
What are Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)? Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) …
What are Foreign Currency Assets? Foreign Currency Assets refer to …
This is a foundational Supreme Court judgment on the nature …
PUCL v. Union of India (2003) is a landmark Supreme …
Universal Adult Suffrage refers to the right of all adult …
What are Exoplanets? Exoplanets, or extrasolar planets, are planets that …
What is TESS? The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is …
Auroras are spectacular natural light displays seen in high-latitude regions …
The Earth’s atmosphere is divided into five main layers based …
The Padma Awards are among India’s highest civilian honours, instituted …
Bharat Ratna is India’s highest civilian award, instituted to recognise …
What is the India–EU Summit? The India–EU Summit is a …
Parliamentary democracy is a system of government in which the …
10th Schedule of the Constitution of India (Anti-Defection Law) The …
Background Objectives Scope of the Act Key Definitions Major Provisions …
Digital Personal Data Protection Rules (DPDP) 2025 : Context Key …
Overview Geographical Extent Major Divisions (West to East) Important Peaks …
Latest Context About the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting at …
Concept The Greenland–Arctic Security Framework refers to the evolving geopolitical, …
The refers to the polar region surrounding the North Pole, …
The EM-DAT (Emergency Events Database) is the world’s most comprehensive …
What is Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI)? Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) …
Introduction The Representation of the People Act, 1950 is a …
Special Intensive Revision (SIR) is a comprehensive and time-bound exercise …
Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality before the …
The is a public charitable trust established to preserve and …
The Gandhi Peace Prize is a national award of India …
The Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development is …
Meaning Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) refers to an investment made …
The (GCC) is a regional intergovernmental organisation formed to promote …
Meaning A neurotoxin is a toxic substance that specifically targets …
The Mahanadi River is one of the major east-flowing rivers …
Constitutional Position The State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is the …
Position and Constitutional Status The Governor is the constitutional head …
About Copper Key Properties of Copper Physical Properties Environmental Property …
Context India, the world’s third-largest automobile market, is undergoing a …
MSME = Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, classified in India …
Priority Sector Lending (PSL) is a mandatory lending framework administered …
Introduction The Delhi High Court is one of India’s most …
Immunotherapy Immunotherapy is a form of cancer treatment that works …
Why in news? (HPCL) has signed a long-term LNG supply …
Why in the News? The President of the UAE, , …
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Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is the digital form of …
Meaning Attack submarines are naval platforms designed primarily for anti-submarine …
Background Key Additions in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Mob Lynching Organised …
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Background Objective Key Definitions Major Offences and Provisions Powers of …
What is the Palermo Protocol? The Palermo Protocol (2000) is …
Introduction Key Features Outcomes Negative Consequences Two Child Policy Introduction …
Major Types of Non Communicable Diseases Global Burden of NCDs …
Key Characteristics Transmission Symptoms in Plants Important Phytoplasma Diseases Diagnosis …
Background : Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 (PCA …
Overview Etymology and Significance Four Days of Pongal Bhogi Pongal …
On National Startup Day (16 January 2026), the Prime Minister …
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Location and Physical Setting Historical Background Ecological Significance Flora Faunal …
Overview Institutional Setup Core Functions Key Areas of Work Infrastructure …
Overview Establishment and Background Membership and Headquarters Objectives Core Functions …
The Deep Ocean Mission is a flagship mission of the …
Biotechnology applies biological systems and organisms to develop products and …
India’s biotechnology sector has emerged as a critical pillar of …
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Overview Geographical and Strategic Location Why Shaksgam Valley Matters for …
Background Key Provisions Indian Position Strategic and Geopolitical Significance Legal …
Overview Genesis and Rationale Coverage and Reach Expanded Package of …
Overview Key Components of Ayushman Bharat 1. Ayushman Arogya Mandirs …
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India’s gig economy has emerged as a powerful employment engine …
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The dollar-based settlement system refers to the global practice of …
Text and Core Principle Article 51 of the UN Charter …
Constitutional Position Composition and Membership Regional Distribution of E10 Voting …
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Concept Linkage with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement Legal …
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Buddhist Councils were formal assemblies convened to compile, preserve, interpret, …
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Core Features Application of Degressive Proportionality European Union Rationale Behind …
Constitutional Basis Procedure Amendments Outcome Significance Difference from No-Confidence Motion
Constitutional and Legal Basis Composition Chairperson Functions Examination of Demands …
Revenue Expenditure Meaning Key Characteristics Major Components Examples Impact Capital …
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Overview Origin and Establishment Membership Objectives ‘Towards 1000’ Strategy Institutional …
Overview Objective Nature of the Convention Core Principles Common but …
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Constitutional Position Rationale Behind the Design Powers and Functions Presiding …
Constitutional Position Composition Appointment of Judges Qualifications of Judges Tenure …
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Growth in Installed Non-Fossil Capacity Solar Energy Expansion Wind and …
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What is Houselisting Operations Purpose of HLO What is covered …
Scope and meaning Constitutional and legal basis Why census is …
Mandate and role Key functions Major data products Organisational structure …
Background : Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex …
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Central Institute of Classical Tamil Objectives Core Functions Academic and …
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Overview Background Objectives Membership Institutional Structure Powers and Functions India–EU …
Overview Mandate and Objective Key Functions Institutional Structure Eurosystem vs …
What is the Eurozone? Membership Historical Background Institutional Framework Criteria …
Overview Establishment and Background Ownership and Status Operational Structure Functions …
Background Evolution Legal Framework Mandate and Responsibilities Operational Capabilities Organisational …
Protection of Life and Personal Liberty Constitutional Text Landmark Case …
Formula Interpretation of NDVI Values Why NDVI is Important Applications …
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Introduction Early Life and Consolidation of Power Nature and Objectives …
Introduction Early Life and Education Shift from Legal Career to …
Introduction Early Life and Education Transition from Law to Public …
Concept Legal Framework in India Evolution of CSR Policy Key …
Concept and Origin Core Philosophy Key Components of the Krishul …
Meaning Core Pillars of the One Health Approach Operational Mechanisms …
Overview • Rabies is a viral, zoonotic, neglected tropical disease• …
Transmission and Prevention Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment and Drug Resistance …
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The National Technical Textiles Mission (NTTM) was launched in 2020 …
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A cess is a tax levied for a specific and …
Background The Health Security National Security Cess Bill, 2025 was …
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The house some of the finest surviving examples of ancient …
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Nanotechnology is the study and manipulation of matter at the …
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Legal and Administrative Background Key Features of NPR Data Collected …
Constitutional Framework (73rd Amendment Act, 1992) Composition, Elections & Reservation …
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Indian Tsunami Early Warning System (ITEWS) Institutional and Scientific Framework …
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Background Core Objective Establishment Nature and Status Key Functions and …
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India–Africa Ties : Overview Evolution of India–Africa Relations Ancient and Pre-Colonial …
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Supreme Court Guidelines on Appreciation of Evidence Structural Causes of …
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Non-Oil Exports Key Export Sectors Product Highlight Institutional Mechanisms under …
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Geographic Coverage Objectives Key Features Funding Mechanism Ecological Significance of …
Introduction The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is …
Civil nuclear energy carries inherent risks despite high safety standards. …
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Key Objectives Implementing and Nodal Agencies Existing and Planned Cheetah …
Historical Background Mandate and Functions Academic Coverage AICTE regulates education …
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Evolution of India–Africa Relations Historical and Civilisational Phase Post-Independence Phase …
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Introduction Historical Evolution of the Law of the Sea Pre-UNCLOS …
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Naxalism refers to a militant Maoist movement in India that …
Freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental right guaranteed …
The July National Charter is a political reform document adopted …
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Meaning A Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is a formal arrangement …
UNESCO treats “intangible cultural heritage” as living heritage that communities …
Applicability Definition of Clinical Establishment National Council for Clinical Establishments …
How LLMs Work Uses of LLMs Key Concepts Challenges Associated …
Coronal Mass Ejections are huge bursts of magnetised plasma and …
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Understanding Virtual Digital Assets Types of Virtual Digital Assets Crypto …
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Purpose of the Bill • Replaces the ISI Act, 1959• …
Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) The Climate Change Performance Index …
Why Eastern DR Congo is Prone to Conflict Historical Factors …
Open Market Operations (OMO): Overview Key ideas: Types of Open Market …
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Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant : Overview Historical Evolution Reactor Units …
Meaning of Digital Public Infrastructure Digital Public Infrastructure refers to …
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Cold War to Early 2000s Post-2000 Developments Defence & Military …
Current Stage of Negotiations Tariff-Related Concerns Non-Tariff Barriers Diplomatic Engagements …
Constitutional Backing NALSA operationalises these constitutional promises on the ground. …
Key Targets under NEP 2020 Major Provisions – School Education …
The Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is India’s apex …
What is Leprosy? Transmission Incubation Period Symptoms Treatment Prelims Pointers
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Introduction Objectives of Jal Jeevan Mission Key Features of JJM …
Sudan Crisis : Scale of the Humanitarian Crisis • The …
Meaning of Circular Economy Core Principles of the Circular Economy …
Purpose : Health Security se National Security Cess Bill 2025 …
Understanding Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Major Factors Driving AMR in India …
What is the Sanchar Saathi App? Why the App is …
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI): Basic Role Why CBI Needs …
“Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) = Total R&D …
CSR Under the Companies Act Present Trends and Emerging Issues …
BrahMos: Introduction BrahMos is a long-range, nuclear-capable, supersonic cruise missile …
Why the Judgment Matters? The Supreme Court used this case …
Article 19 Article 19(1) guarantees six basic freedoms to citizens …
Introduction Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is …
What the Bill Would Have Meant? The bulletin suggested the …
Health, Forests, and Human-Centered Climate Action Climate Governance, Finance, and …
What COP Is and How It Works? Structure & Key …
Introduction Institutional Mechanism ASEAN’s work is carried out through: Evolution …
Origin Membership and Institutional Structure Full Members China, Russia, India, …
Composition Powers Functions Significance
What Just Transition Means Core principles include: What Just Transition …
About the Scheme Major Achievements Key Strategic Initiatives Significance Supports …
Idea of Complete Justice Scope of Article 142 Positive Impacts …
Why Natural Farming Matters Government Push for Natural Farming Key …
Evolution of Childcare Policy in India Challenges Faced by Childcare …
Overview Key Elements Strategic Significance in West Asia Opportunities for …
Key Features Constitutional & Legal Framework Major Types of Tribunals …
Concept and Purpose Crops Covered Under MSP (22 Crops) Kharif …
Background of the Case Key Issues Raised Supreme Court’s Key …
Introduction The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 is India’s principal legislation …
Historical Evolution of African Economic Integration Core Challenges Facing AfCFTA …
Overview Composition Administrative Structure Mandate and Functions
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Flexible inflation targeting, a good balance Newspaper: The Hindu (Editorial), …
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