Meaning of Digital Public Infrastructure

Digital Public Infrastructure refers to a collection of shared digital platforms and systems that operate at the scale of an entire society. These systems are designed to be secure, interoperable, and built on open standards, enabling both public and private entities to provide services efficiently. DPI functions within a legal and regulatory framework that promotes inclusion, innovation, trust, competition, and protection of rights, ensuring equitable access for all users.

India’s DPI Ecosystem

India’s model, often referred to as India Stack, comprises three integrated layers:

• Identity Layer: Platforms like Aadhaar and e-KYC that allow verified, frictionless identification.
• Payments Layer: Systems such as UPI and Aadhaar Payment Bridge that enable fast, low-cost digital transactions.
• Data Empowerment Layer: Tools like DigiLocker and Account Aggregator that facilitate safe data sharing with user consent.

These layers together make India one of the leading global examples of DPI implementation.

Global Initiatives Supporting DPI

• Digital Economy Working Group (DEWG): Achieved the first shared international understanding on DPI within a multilateral forum.
• One Future Alliance: A voluntary platform proposed during India’s G20 Presidency to support low- and middle-income countries with funding, capacity building, and technical assistance for DPI deployment.
• Global DPI Repository (GDPIR): Announced in 2023 to function as a knowledge and institutional support hub for DPI worldwide.
• Social Impact Fund (SIF): Established to accelerate DPI projects in the Global South.
• India–EU Trade and Technology Council: Both sides agreed to collaborate in global DPI promotion, particularly in partner countries.

Why DPI is Significant

• Catalyst for Development: DPI dramatically accelerates economic and social development. India’s leap in financial inclusion—achieved in under ten years—is a prime example of its transformative potential.
• Driver of Innovation: By reducing transaction frictions and enabling interoperable ecosystems, DPI encourages startups and private players to build competitive solutions.
• Inclusive Growth: DPI expands access to essential services for marginalised groups such as women, small businesses, and remote communities.
• Improved Public Service Delivery: Systems built on DPI foundations have strengthened welfare delivery, demonstrated in India’s large-scale DBT ecosystem and associated fiscal savings.
• Resilience During Crises: Globally, digital vaccination certificates during COVID-19 highlighted how DPI supports continuity in emergencies.
• Individual Empowerment: DPI enhances user autonomy through data protection frameworks and financial mobility, allowing individuals greater control over their digital interactions.