Agri-Photovoltaics: Solar–Agriculture Integration, Benefits and Challenges for UPSC

Context

• In Budget 2026–27, allocation for PM-KUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan) increased to about ₹5,000 crore.
• It reflects focus on decentralised solar energy for farmers.
• This raises the issue of land use conflict between solar expansion and agriculture → leading to discussion on Agri-Photovoltaics (AgriPV).

Agri-Photovoltaics (AgriPV)

• Definition: Simultaneous use of same land for agriculture and solar energy generation.
• Mechanism: Solar panels installed above or between crops, allowing cultivation below.

Why AgriPV is Important

• Addresses land scarcity for solar projects
• Enables dual use of land
• Supports farmer income diversification
• Aligns with clean energy targets

Key Benefits

• Additional income from electricity
• Reduced water loss due to shading
• Protection of crops from extreme weather
• Efficient land utilisation

Major Challenges

• High capital cost
• Lack of regulatory clarity
• Absence of design standards
• Risk of lower crop yield if poorly designed

Status in India

• Around 50 pilot projects
• Still at a nascent stage

Agri-Photovoltaics
Agri-Photovoltaics
PYQ – 2018, Ans – D
PYQ – 2022, Ans – B
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