Constitutional Provision
Article 275(1) empowers Parliament to provide grants-in-aid to States from the Consolidated Fund of India for specific purposes, particularly related to tribal welfare and administration of Scheduled Areas.
It is a key provision that ensures financial support from the Union to States, especially those with significant tribal populations.
Core Features
Statutory Grants
- Grants are provided as a matter of constitutional obligation, not mere discretion.
- Charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
Focus on Tribal Areas
- Specifically supports:
- Welfare of Scheduled Tribes
- Administration of Scheduled Areas (Fifth Schedule)
- Tribal areas under Sixth Schedule (via ADCs indirectly)
Parliamentary Determination
- Parliament determines the amount and conditions of such grants.
Objectives
- Promote socio-economic development of tribal communities
- Reduce regional and developmental disparities
- Strengthen governance in Scheduled and tribal areas
- Support implementation of tribal welfare schemes and infrastructure projects
Nature of Grants
- These grants are often referred to as specific-purpose grants.
- They are over and above general tax devolution recommended by the Finance Commission.
- Used for:
- Education and healthcare in tribal areas
- Infrastructure such as roads and connectivity
- Livelihood and skill development programmes
Role of Finance Commission
- The Finance Commission (Article 280) recommends principles governing:
- Distribution of grants under Article 275
- Helps determine allocation among States based on need and equity.
Significance
Financial Backbone for Tribal Welfare
- Provides assured funding for targeted development programmes.
Supports Decentralised Governance
- Enables functioning of institutions like Autonomous District Councils.
Promotes Inclusive Growth
- Addresses historical marginalisation of tribal communities.
Distinction from Article 282
- Article 275(1): Mandatory, constitutionally backed grants for specific purposes.
- Article 282: Discretionary grants for any public purpose by Union or States.
ConclusionArticle 275(1) is a crucial fiscal provision that complements administrative autonomy in tribal areas by ensuring dedicated financial support. It plays a vital role in advancing equity, inclusion, and balanced regional development within India’s federal structure.
