Context: MTP Act time limits In a recent Supreme Court proceeding (minor rape survivor case), the Court flagged that strict gestational limits under abortion law may violate the survivor’s rights. MTP Act – Core Basics Time limits Issue Constitutional Basis Supreme Court’s Observations and Advice Suggested
Q17. GS 3 – UPSC Mains PYQ 2025
Q18. GS 3 – UPSC Mains PYQ 2025
Q19. GS 3 – UPSC Mains PYQ 2025
Q20. GS 3 – UPSC Mains PYQ 2025
MTP Act time limits under review by Supreme Court in minor cases
Public Interest Litigation reform debate over misuse and scope
Context: Public Interest Litigation A growing concern that Public Interest Litigation (PIL)—once a tool for social justice—is increasingly misused, raising the need to redefine its scope and safeguards. Public Interest Litigation (PIL) – Basics Constitutional basis Origin Late 1970s–80s (post-Emergency judicial activism) Key Cases Problems with PIL Suggested Reforms
Sacred groves restoration launched in Kerala for biodiversity conservation
Context: Sacred groves Kerala has initiated a pilot restoration of sacred groves (kavus) to revive degraded ecosystems, conserve biodiversity, and remove invasive species through community participation. Sacred Groves and Their Significance Significance Threats Sacred Groves in India – State-wise Names
Green methanol project using Prosopis juliflora for clean fuel
Context: Green methanol India plans to convert Prosopis juliflora, among the world’s top 100 invasive species, into green methanol for marine fuel, linking ecological control with clean energy. Species in News – Prosopis juliflora Issues Utility Dense hardwood, high calorific value → suitable biomass feedstock Green Methanol and Environmental Significance Environmental benefits CO₂ ↓ up to 95% | NOx ↓ up to 80% | eliminates SOx and particulate matter | supports IMO norms Process Gasification → biomass to syngas (H₂ + CO)Conversion → syngas to methanol Banni Grassland Community Maldharis pastoralists depend on it Implications
Revenue deficit States rise as fiscal stress increases in India
Context: Revenue deficit States Finance Ministry’s Monthly Economic Review (Department of Economic Affairs) flags 9 of 18 large States in revenue deficit, indicating fiscal stress due to high debt and weak revenues. Deficit Concepts States and Data Revenue deficit States % of GSDP 2026–27 Himachal Pradesh –2.4 | Punjab –2.2 | Kerala –2.1 | Andhra Pradesh –1.1 | Rajasthan –1.1 | Haryana –0.9 | Karnataka –0.7 | Maharashtra –0.7 | Chhattisgarh –0.3 Stress indicators Reasons Implications
