Introduction Exact constitutional provision Main purpose Who carries out the readjustment Two things Article 82 covers Link with delimitation Effect on existing House Date from which readjustment takes effect Present constitutional freeze What this means in practice Link with earlier amendments Relation with Article 81 Relation with Article 170 Why Article 82 is important Key points to remember Conclusion
Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill, 2026
Introduction Why it is important Date of introduction Core subject matter Increase in Lok Sabha size Delimitation on population basis Background of the freeze Link with women’s reservation Relation with the Delimitation Bill, 2026 Political controversy Debate on federal balance Status of the Bill Why this status matters Key proposals to remember Conclusion
Ranjitsinh v. Union of India (2024)
Introduction Background of the case Why the case returned to the Court Main issue before the Court Important constitutional holding Climate change aspect Key reasoning of the Court Modification of the 2021 order Expert Committee Bird diverters Great Indian Bustard aspect Balancing approach Why the judgment is important What the judgment did not do Subsequent relevance Key points to remember Conclusion
Notified Disaster List
Introduction Current centrally notified disaster list Total number Source of the list Why this list matters Heat wave issue Can more disasters be added? State-specific local disasters What is not included Key points to remember Conclusion
Factories Act, 1948
Introduction Enactment Purpose of the Act Why it was important Meaning of factory Approval, licensing and registration Occupier and manager Inspecting staff Health provisions Safety provisions Welfare provisions Working hours Weekly holidays and leave Employment of women Employment of young persons Hazardous processes Penalties Importance Current status Conclusion
Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 (OSHWC)
Introduction Enactment and enforcement Purpose of the Code Why it is important Coverage Main themes of the Code Standard working hours Women’s employment Rule-making structure Occupational safety standards Welfare and working conditions Consolidation of earlier laws Current implementation context Place among the four labour codes Conclusion The OSHWC Code, 2020 is India’s principal modern labour-law framework for workplace safety, health, welfare, and working conditions. It is important not only because it consolidated older laws, but also because it now forms the operative legal basis for occupational safety and workplace regulation in the labour-code era.
Heatwaves
Introduction Nature of a heatwave Why heatwaves are dangerous People most at risk Heatwave definition in India Heatwave and climate change Urban heat island effect Economic and social impact Heatwaves in India Heatwave warning and early warning systems Health response and prevention Heatwave naming Key points to remember Conclusion
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Introduction Nature of the organisation Core functions Peaceful uses of nuclear technology Safeguards Link with the NPT Additional Protocol Safety role Security role Membership Policy-making bodies General Conference Board of Governors Director General Organisational structure Department of Safeguards Why the IAEA is important Role in international affairs Key points to remember Conclusion
Human Development Index (HDI)
Introduction Meaning Purpose Three dimensions of HDI Health indicator Education indicators Income indicator How it is calculated Range of the index Categories of human development Why HDI is important Difference from GDP per capita Limitations Related indices Latest report context Source institution Key points to remember Conclusion
Suez Canal
Introduction Nature of the canal Why it is important Important physical features Construction history Earlier historical background Finance and control International status Strategic significance Current relevance Conclusion The Suez Canal is one of the world’s most important artificial waterways because it links Europe with Asia through the shortest major sea route. Its importance lies in geography, trade, strategy, and global maritime connectivity.
