- Emission Intensity
• Achievement: Emission intensity reduced by ~36% (2005–2020)
(Target: 33–35% by 2030 → achieved early)
• Issue: Despite efficiency gains, total emissions still rising
(India ≈ 3 billion tonnes CO₂e; 3rd largest emitter)
Meaning: Growth is cleaner, but overall pollution is higher.
- Non-Fossil Power Capacity
• Achievement: Non-fossil sources form ~45% of installed capacity (2024–25) (Paris target: 40% by 2030 → achieved)
• Issue: Actual electricity generation from non-fossil is only ~22%
Meaning: Capacity added, but coal still dominates power supply.
- Renewable Energy Expansion
• Achievement: Solar capacity rose from ~3 GW (2014) to ~110 GW (2025)
• Issue: Renewable power is intermittent and limited by storage & grid gaps
Meaning: Fast expansion, but the system is not ready to absorb full output.
- Coal Dependence
• Achievement: Share of coal in installed capacity is gradually declining
• Issue: Coal still accounts for ~50% of installed capacity and most generation
Meaning: Energy transition incomplete.
- Forest Carbon Sink
• Achievement: India’s forest carbon stock ≈ 2.29 billion tonnes CO₂ (ISFR 2023)
• Issue: Target is 2.5–3 billion tonnes by 2030 → progress slow.
Also, forest cover includes plantations, not just natural forests
Meaning: Carbon sink claims are contested.
