Lokpal: Functions, Structure and Institutional Challenges in India for UPSC

Context

A Parliamentary Standing Committee has sought details on why the inquiry and prosecution wings of the Lokpal are not fully operational, even after the law has been in force for years; at present, prosecution work is largely handled by the CBI.

Lokpal – Basics

• Law: Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 → in force (2014) → functional (2019)
• Nature: Statutory anti-corruption ombudsman at Union level

Composition and Eligibility

• Structure: Chairperson + up to 8 Members
• Reservation: 50% judicial + 50% from SC/ST/OBC/Women/Minorities
• Eligibility: Minimum age 45 years + integrity + expertise (law, governance, vigilance, finance)

Appointment

• Appointing Authority: President
• Selection Committee: PM + Speaker + LoP + CJI (or nominee) + Eminent Jurist

Jurisdiction

Covers corruption cases against:
PM (with restrictions) | Ministers | MPs | Central Govt officials (Group A–D) | PSUs | Autonomous bodies | NGOs receiving govt/foreign funds

Lokpal
Lokpal
PYQ – 2025, Ans – A
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