Context
• Nipah outbreak reported in West Bengal (Nadia district)
• Bat survey launched to trace source
Nature
• Zoonotic disease (animal → human)
• Virus family: Paramyxoviridae
Carrier
• Fruit bats (Pteropus) — natural reservoir
• No insect vector (not mosquito-borne)
Transmission
• Bat → Human (contaminated fruits / palm sap)
• Human → Human (close contact, bodily fluids)
• NOT sexually transmitted
• NOT airborne
Vaccine / Treatment
• No approved vaccine
• Supportive care only
Key Prelims Line
• Nipah = Zoonotic, bat-borne, high fatality, no vaccine

