Geographical Location Anjadip Island, also known as Anjediva Island, is located in the Arabian Sea off the southwestern coast of India. Its location gives it both historical maritime relevance and contemporary strategic value. Historical Background Anjadip Island has a layered colonial and pre-colonial history. The island’s fortifications were aimed at protecting maritime trade routes and consolidating Portuguese influence along the western coast. Colonial Maritime Strategy The island formed part of a wider Portuguese maritime defence network in the Arabian Sea. Over time, its importance declined with shifts in colonial power dynamics and naval technologies. Post-Independence Context After Indian independence, Anjadip Island came under Indian sovereignty and administrative control of Karnataka. Strategic Significance in Contemporary India The island’s relevance today is primarily strategic rather than economic or civilian. Its proximity to critical naval assets increases its defence importance in the context of: Geopolitical Relevance The Arabian Sea region has gained prominence due to: Anjadip Island, though small in size, forms part of India’s layered coastal and offshore security grid. Conclusion Anjadip Island represents a convergence of colonial maritime history and contemporary strategic utility. While historically a Portuguese outpost, it now functions as a strategically sensitive location linked to India’s naval infrastructure and broader maritime security framework in the Arabian Sea.

Overview Objectives Key Features Incentives for Electric Vehicles Focus on Public Transport Charging Infrastructure Technology and Localization Implementation Expected Impact Challenges Significance PM E-DRIVE represents a strategic push toward sustainable transport by combining financial incentives, industrial policy support and infrastructure expansion to transform India’s mobility sector.

Overview Objective What “Corporate Average” Means Evolution in India CAFE-I CAFE-II CAFE-III Key Features of CAFE-III Importance Challenges Significance CAFE-III represents a policy shift toward cleaner mobility by combining regulatory pressure with technological transition, pushing the automobile industry toward greater efficiency and lower emissions.

Overview Background Objectives Key Areas of Cooperation Institutional Collaboration Strategic Significance Broader Relevance The Indo–Israel Cyber Centre of Excellence represents a forward-looking initiative aimed at building robust cyber capabilities and fostering technological collaboration between two innovation-driven nations.

Latest Development Evolution of Bilateral Relations Defence and Security Cooperation Technology and Emerging Domains Trade and Economic Cooperation Agriculture and Water Management Regional and Strategic Convergence Strategic Significance The India–Israel Special Strategic Partnership represents a mature and broad-based relationship built on defence, innovation, agriculture, technology and shared security interests.

Meaning Critical minerals are minerals that are: In simple terms, a mineral becomes “critical” when it is both economically important and vulnerable to supply disruption. Why Are They Important? Critical minerals are foundational to modern economies and the energy transition. They are crucial in: Key Examples India identified 30 critical minerals in 2023. Some major ones include: Globally, lithium, cobalt, rare earth elements and nickel are among the most strategically sensitive minerals. Characteristics of Critical Minerals For example, rare earth elements are heavily concentrated in a few countries, making supply chains vulnerable to geopolitical tensions. Role in Energy Transition Critical minerals are indispensable for: Without secure access to these minerals, countries cannot scale renewable energy or electric mobility. Strategic Concerns Supply chain disruptions can directly affect clean energy targets, industrial production and defence preparedness. India’s Approach India has: Conclusion Critical minerals are the backbone of the green transition, digital economy and national security architecture. Ensuring their secure, diversified and sustainable supply is now a strategic priority for major economies, including India.

Overview Objectives Key Components Domestic Exploration and Production Overseas Asset Acquisition Processing and Recycling Research and Technology Human Resource Development Financial and Regulatory Support Meaning of Critical Minerals Strategic Importance Clean Energy Transition Electric Mobility National Security Link with Climate Goals Conclusion The National Critical Mineral Mission represents a strategic shift toward securing mineral resources essential for clean energy, industrial growth and national security. By strengthening domestic production, promoting recycling and expanding global partnerships, India aims to build a resilient and future-ready critical mineral ecosystem.

Meaning Gross Value Added is the measure of value created by a sector, industry or economy in a given period. In simple terms, GVA shows how much value producers actually add to the economy. Formula GVA = Value of Output – Value of Intermediate Consumption Relationship between GVA and GDP GDP = GVA + Taxes on Products – Subsidies on Products Sectoral Classification in India GVA is generally divided into three major sectors: Sectoral GVA helps identify which part of the economy is driving growth. Importance Why GVA is Important in India Limitations Conclusion Gross Value Added is a key macroeconomic indicator that reflects the real contribution of various sectors to the economy. While GDP measures total economic output at market prices, GVA provides deeper insight into the production side of economic growth.

Meaning Gross Domestic Product is the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s geographical boundaries during a specific period, usually one year or one quarter. Key Features Methods of Calculation Production or Value Added Method Income Method Expenditure Method Types of GDP Nominal GDP Real GDP GDP at Market Price GDP at Factor Cost GDP Growth Rate Importance of GDP Limitations GDP vs GNP Conclusion GDP is the most widely used indicator of economic performance. While it effectively measures economic output, it does not fully capture welfare, sustainability or inequality. Hence, it must be complemented with indicators such as per capita income, Human Development Index and environmental measures.

Introduction Goods and Services Tax is a comprehensive indirect tax on the supply of goods and services for domestic consumption. GST replaced multiple central and state indirect taxes and created a unified tax structure. Main Features Applicable on Supply Destination-Based Taxation Dual GST Structure Rate Structure Integrated Treatment of Imports Legislative Basis Constitutional Amendment Key Constitutional Provisions GST Council Reforms Brought by GST Advantages For Government For Economy For Trade and Industry For Consumers For States Exemptions Challenges Conclusion GST represents a structural reform aimed at integrating India into a single indirect tax regime. It promotes formalisation, transparency and efficiency. However, its long-term success depends on stable revenue sharing, administrative capacity and cooperative federalism.