Mains Enrichment — Leprosy
• India reports ~57% of global leprosy cases.
• Caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
• One of the earliest known human infections — evidence from 2000 BCE.
• Genetic predisposition + unsanitary living conditions raise susceptibility.
Discriminatory Laws Data
• 97 Central & State laws still discriminate against leprosy-affected persons.
Restrictions include:
• Access to public transport
• Employment restrictions
• Discriminatory terminology in statutes
NHRC 2021 Report Recommendations
• Early identification & timely treatment
• Rehabilitation
• Remove discriminatory laws
• Replace derogatory terms
• Use iris scans for Aadhaar (since leprosy affects fingerprints)
What the Supreme Court has Done?
1. SC took suo motu-like corrective action
• Heard petitions claiming Indian laws still discriminate against persons with leprosy.
2. Sought NHRC report
• NHRC submitted that 97 laws still contain discriminatory provisions.
3. Directed Centre, States & UTs
• To submit status reports on steps taken to remove these laws.
• To take urgent remedial measures.
Why This is Good??
• Promotes dignity, equality, and non-discrimination for a vulnerable group.
• Aligns with constitutional rights — Article 14, 15, 21.
• Corrects historical injustice and stigma rooted in fear and misinformation.
• Encourages scientific, evidence-based policymaking.
• Supports rehabilitation and mainstreaming of leprosy-affected individuals.
