Constitutional Framework (73rd Amendment Act, 1992) Composition, Elections & Reservation Powers, Functions & Finances Challenges Faced by PRIs Strengthening PRIs – Key Recommendations Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2nd ARC) Additional Reforms
Minimum Support Price (MSP)
Concept and Purpose Crops Covered Under MSP (22 Crops) Kharif Crops (14) Rabi Crops (6) Commercial Crops (2) Note: How MSP Is Determined Significance of MSP Recent MSP (2025–26) – Key Highlights (As per Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture)
Vanashakti v. Union of India
Background of the Case Key Issues Raised Supreme Court’s Key Directions Significance of the Judgment Implications for Governance and Policy Influences future assessments under Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) and CRZ clearances.
India U.S. Defence Relations UPSC: U.S. Clears Missile Sale as Trade Row Eases
Approved Items This reflects improving India–U.S. strategic ties amid easing trade tensions.
India Fisheries Sector UPSC: Understanding the Growth of Fisheries and Aquaculture in India
Context India ranks among the world’s largest producers of aquatic foods. Growth driven by technology, policy, and modernisation — but sustainability and fisher welfare remain challenges. 1. Growth Indicators (FAO SOFIA 2024) 2. Key Government Initiatives 3. Major Challenges 4. Sustainability Imperatives
India Climate Change Policy UPSC: India Calls for a ‘Just Transition Mechanism’ at COP
Central Theme India insists that the global energy transition must be equitable, funded, and aligned with national capabilities. Context Notes
Iran IAEA Nuclear Issue UPSC: IAEA Passes Resolution Seeking Iran’s Cooperation
IAEA Overview Why in News? IAEA demanded: Iran rejected the resolution, accusing the West of politicising the agency.
Juvenile Justice System UPSC: Over 50% Cases Still Pending Due to Staff Shortage
Key Findings
Social Justice Education UPSC: Study Shows Caste Influences Teachers’ Judgement in Bihar Schools
Findings From Bihar Public Schools
Judiciary SC Verdict UPSC: Supreme Court Says President & Governor Cannot Be Bound by Timelines
Context The Supreme Court issued its advisory opinion on the 16th Presidential Reference, triggered by the Tamil Nadu case where the court invoked “deemed assent” due to long delays by the Governor in acting on Bills. Key Constitutional Questions SC’s Clarification Balance Restored Between Prelims Notes
