Context A statue of C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) has been installed at Rashtrapati Bhavan, replacing Edwin Lutyens’ statue. (Page 4) Who Was Rajagopalachari? Role in Freedom Struggle Civil Disobedience Movement Non-Cooperation & Khilafat Quit India Administrative Roles Rajagopalachari Formula (1944) Proposal to resolve Congress–Muslim League deadlock:
Lenacapavir HIV Capsid Inhibitor – First Long-Acting HIV Drug
Context Lenacapavir, the world’s first long-acting HIV capsid inhibitor, confirmed that the HIV capsid is a stable and reliable drug target. (Page 6) What is Capsid? (Page 7 diagram shows capsid as a protein shell enclosing viral genetic material.) Capsid = Protein shell around virus protecting its RNA. Why Discovery Matters What is HIV? Transmission
HPV Vaccination Programme – Government Plan for Girls Under 14
Context Government preparing national HPV vaccination programme for girls under 14. (Page 8) What is HPV? HPV & Cervical Cancer Why Vaccinate Under 14?
India Trade Deficit and Current Account – UPSC Prelims Concepts Explained
Key Prelims Question (2023) Statements: Correct Answer: D (1, 3 and 4 only) (As shown on Page 12 answer key) Explanation:
Sweet vs Sour Crude – Differences, Sulphur Content & UPSC GS3 Notes
Context India’s trade delegation visit to the U.S. (Feb 23–25) for an Interim Trade Agreement was postponed. The deal would influence India’s import tariffs, including U.S. crude oil (≈10% of India’s oil imports). Sweet vs Sour Crude Sweet Crude Sour Crude Previous Year Question (2011) “Brent crude oil” refers to: Correct Answer: B (1 and 2 only)
Green Hydrogen – Green Ammonia, SECI Auction & National Hydrogen Mission for UPSC
Context India is promoting green hydrogen and green ammonia under the National Green Hydrogen Mission.SECI conducted India’s Green Ammonia Auction to build a global-scale clean ammonia market. Green Hydrogen Green Ammonia India’s Green Ammonia Auction (SECI) Why Important Previous Year Question (2023) Green hydrogen: Correct Answer: C (All three)
Minimum Support Price (MSP) – Bhavantar Scheme & CACP Role for UPSC
Context Madhya Pradesh plans to extend Bhavantar Yojana to mustard farmers (earlier for soybean). Expected to benefit ~80 lakh farmers. Bhavantar Yojana MSP (Minimum Support Price) Who Recommends & Who Decides MSP? Crops under MSP Cereals: Paddy, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Ragi, Wheat, BarleyPulses: Gram, Tur, Moong, Urad, MasurOilseeds: Groundnut, Rapeseed–Mustard, Soybean, Sunflower, Sesamum, Nigerseed, SafflowerCommercial Crops: Cotton, Copra, Jute, Sugarcane Previous Year Question (2018) MSP announced for which crops?Correct Answer: B
PRAHAAR – India’s National Counter Terrorism Policy & Strategy for UPSC
Context India’s first National Counter Terrorism Policy & Strategy: PRAHAAR Threat Profile Scope Principles Operational Framework
International Energy Agency (IEA) – India’s Full Membership Bid Explained for UPSC
About IEA Why India Wants Full Membership Complication
Takeshima/Dokdo Dispute: South Korea Protests Japan’s Takeshima Day | UPSC GS2
Context South Korea objected to Japan hosting “Takeshima Day,” calling it an unjust assertion of sovereignty over disputed islands. Dokdo/Takeshima Dispute • Issue: Japan held “Takeshima Day”; South Korea condemned it as an unjust claim.• Names: Dokdo (South Korea) / Takeshima (Japan).• Who controls it? South Korea exercises effective administrative control.• Location: Small rocky islets in the Sea of Japan (East Sea) between Japan & South Korea.• Why dispute? Sovereignty claims, nationalism, historical grievances. (Map on page 2 shows the islands between Japan and South Korea highlighting their strategic location.)
