Context
India, as the Chair of the Kimberley Process (KP) for 2026, has an opportunity to reform global governance of the rough-diamond trade.
What is a Rough Diamond?
• A natural, uncut, unpolished diamond straight from the mine before processing.
About the Kimberley Process (KP)
• Multinational system to stop trade in conflict diamonds.
• Initiated in 2000; KPCS operational since 2003.
• 60 participants representing 86 countries.
• Covers 99.8% of global rough diamond production.
India’s Role
• Chair for 2026.
• Imports ~40% of global rough diamonds.
• Global leader in cutting and polishing (Surat, Mumbai).
• Re-exports polished diamonds worldwide.
Key Issues in KP
• Narrow definition of conflict diamonds (ignores HR abuses, smuggling, environmental harm).
• Political veto allows any country to block decisions.
• Weak enforcement (e.g., Central African Republic case).
