Location
The Arabian Sea is a part of the northern Indian Ocean. It lies between the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula.
Boundaries
- East: Western coast of India
- West: Arabian Peninsula (Oman and Yemen)
- North: Pakistan and Iran
- South: Open Indian Ocean
Physical Features
- One of the largest marginal seas of the Indian Ocean.
- Average depth: Approximately 2,700 metres.
- Maximum depth: Around 4,600 metres (in the Arabian Basin).
Important Gulfs and Straits
- Gulf of Oman
- Gulf of Aden
- Strait of Hormuz (connects to the Persian Gulf)
Major Indian Ports on the Arabian Sea
- Mumbai
- Kochi
- Mangaluru
- Kandla
Climatic Significance
The Arabian Sea plays a crucial role in the Indian monsoon system.
- Southwest monsoon winds originate over the Arabian Sea.
- Moisture-laden winds strike the Western Ghats, bringing heavy rainfall to Kerala and the west coast.
- Cyclonic storms also form in the Arabian Sea, especially during pre- and post-monsoon seasons.
Economic Importance
Trade and Shipping
- Major international shipping routes pass through the Arabian Sea.
- Connects Europe, Africa, and West Asia with South and Southeast Asia.
Energy Security
- Oil shipments from West Asia pass through the Arabian Sea to reach global markets.
- Strategic maritime routes are vital for India’s energy imports.
Fisheries
- Supports rich marine biodiversity.
- Important for coastal livelihoods and fishing industries in India and neighbouring countries.
Strategic Importance
- Presence of key naval bases of India and other regional powers.
- Increasing maritime competition in the Indian Ocean Region.
- Important in India’s maritime security doctrine.
Environmental Concerns
- Rising sea surface temperatures due to climate change.
- Increasing frequency of cyclones.
- Marine pollution and overfishing.
Conclusion
The Arabian Sea is a strategically and economically vital water body in the northern Indian Ocean. It influences India’s climate, supports international trade, and plays a central role in regional geopolitics and energy security.
