Context: Post-Quantum Cryptography
DST task force recommended phased shift to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) for critical sectors as future quantum computers may break current encryption systems.
Post-Quantum Cryptography
- Encryption algorithms designed to resist attacks from quantum computers.
- Protects banking, telecom, defence and governance data from future quantum threats.
Quantum Computing Basics
- Classical computers use bits; quantum computers use qubits.
- Qubits use superposition and entanglement, enabling very high-speed computation.
Quantum-Safe Encryption Concepts
- Current public-key encryption systems like RSA and ECC may become vulnerable to quantum attacks.
- “Harvest now, decrypt later” risk means data stolen today may be decrypted in future using quantum computers.
- Quantum-safe encryption uses algorithms resistant to quantum attacks.
National Quantum Mission
- Approved in 2023 with outlay of ₹6,003.65 crore till 2030-31.
- Aim: Develop quantum computers with 50–1000 physical qubits.
- Includes four Thematic Hubs in academic and R&D institutions.
- Focus areas: Quantum computing, communication, sensing, and materials.
