White-rumped Vulture conservation programme explained

Context: White-rumped Vulture conservation programme
A radio-tagged, captive-bred White-rumped Vulture released under India’s Vulture Conservation Breeding Programme at Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, died after colliding with a power line.

This highlights the need for safer infrastructure to support vulture reintroduction and recovery.

White-rumped Vulture

Scientific Name

  • Gyps bengalensis

Classification

Family

  • Accipitridae

IUCN Status

  • Critically Endangered

Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

  • Schedule I

CITES

  • Appendix II

Ecological Role

Vultures act as nature’s scavengers.

They help by:

  • Removing animal carcasses
  • Preventing spread of zoonotic diseases
  • Maintaining ecological sanitation
  • Reducing risks from feral dog populations around carcasses

Major Threats

  • Veterinary Diclofenac
  • Electrocution
  • Poisoning
  • Habitat degradation
  • Food scarcity

Vultures in India

India has 9 vulture species.

Critically Endangered

  • White-rumped Vulture
  • Indian Vulture
  • Slender-billed Vulture
  • Red-headed Vulture

Endangered

  • Egyptian Vulture

Near Threatened

  • Himalayan Griffon
  • Cinereous / Black Vulture
  • Bearded Vulture / Lammergeier

Least Concern

  • Griffon Vulture

Vulture Conservation Programme in India

Launched

  • 2004

Programme

  • Vulture Conservation Breeding Programme

Implemented By

  • Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
  • Central Zoo Authority
  • Bombay Natural History Society
  • State Forest Departments

Focus Areas

  • Captive breeding
  • Reintroduction
  • Vulture Safe Zones
  • Radio / satellite tagging
  • Diclofenac-free landscapes
  • Promotion of Meloxicam

Policy Framework

  • Action Plan for Vulture Conservation in India, 2020–2025

Protected Areas in News

Mudumalai Tiger Reserve

  • Located in Tamil Nadu.
  • Part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.
  • Important breeding landscape for White-rumped Vultures.
  • Site of recent vulture reintroduction.

Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve

  • Located in Maharashtra.
  • Important source population for captive breeding and reintroduction of White-rumped Vultures.

Bombay Natural History Society

Established

  • 1883

Headquarters

  • Mumbai

Nature

  • India’s oldest non-governmental scientific conservation organisation.

Functions

  • Biodiversity research
  • Species conservation
  • Environmental education
  • Technical partner in vulture conservation and national wildlife recovery programmes

PYQ Link

The sharp decline of vultures in India is primarily attributed to Diclofenac, a drug used by cattle owners for treating diseased cattle.

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White-rumped Vulture conservation programme explained

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