Basic Quiz – 25 September 2026 | Polity

Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. Under Article 246, Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to matters in the Union List.

Statement 2 is correct. Both Parliament and State Legislatures can ordinarily legislate on matters in the Concurrent List.

Statement 3 is correct. Under Article 254(2), where a State law on a Concurrent List matter is inconsistent with a Parliamentary law and has been reserved for the consideration of the President and received his assent, the State law prevails in that State. However, Parliament can subsequently override it by making another law.

Statement 4 is correct. Article 248 gives Parliament residuary legislative power over matters not enumerated in the State List or Concurrent List.

Answer: (c) Only three

Explanation:
Pair 1 is correctly matched. Gram Nyayalayas are intended to provide accessible justice at the grassroots level and exercise jurisdiction over specified civil and criminal matters.

Pair 2 is correctly matched. Tele-Law uses technology to connect people, particularly those requiring legal assistance, with legal professionals for legal advice.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched. Lok Adalats facilitate amicable settlement or compromise of disputes. They do not function as ordinary criminal courts with unrestricted jurisdiction to adjudicate all criminal offences. They cannot settle non-compoundable offences.

Pair 4 is correctly matched. The National Judicial Data Grid provides publicly accessible judicial data relating to cases and their status across participating courts.

Answer: (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. Under Article 124(2), every judge of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President.

Statement 2 is correct. Article 124(3) provides that a person is qualified for appointment as a Supreme Court judge if they have been a judge of a High Court for at least five years, among the constitutional qualifications specified there.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The Chief Justice of India does not have the constitutional power to recommend the removal of a Supreme Court judge. Removal follows the procedure prescribed under Article 124(4) and the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968.

Statement 4 is correct. A Supreme Court judge can be removed by the President only after each House of Parliament passes an address, in the same session, supported by the required special majority, on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity.

Answer: (b) 1, 3 and 4 only

Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. Article 82 deals with readjustment after each census for the House of the People, while Article 170 deals with readjustment of the composition of State Legislative Assemblies, subject to the constitutional provisions governing delimitation.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Delimitation Commission is not a permanent constitutional body. It is constituted under legislation enacted by Parliament for a particular delimitation exercise.

Statement 3 is correct. Article 329(a) expressly bars courts from questioning the validity of a law relating to delimitation or allotment of seats made or purported to be made under Article 327 or Article 328.

Statement 4 is correct. Constitutional amendments have postponed or frozen certain readjustments of representation, including in the context of concerns that States which had successfully implemented population-control measures should not be disadvantaged in their representation merely because of lower population growth.

Answer: (b) 1, 2 and 3 only

Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. The Mediation Act, 2023 establishes a statutory framework for mediation and related matters.

Statement 2 is correct. Mediation is a consensual process in which the mediator facilitates communication and assists the parties in reaching a settlement. The mediator does not ordinarily impose an adjudicatory decision on the parties.

Statement 3 is correct. Lok Adalats are intended to facilitate amicable settlement of disputes through compromise or settlement.

Statement 4 is incorrect. Lok Adalats are not restricted to disputes between private individuals. Their jurisdiction can extend to disputes involving public authorities, subject to the applicable statutory provisions. Permanent Lok Adalats, in particular, deal with disputes concerning specified public utility services within their statutory jurisdiction.