Basic Quiz – 27 October 2026 | Polity

Correct Answer: (c) 1, 2 and 4 only

Explanation:

Statement 1: Correct. The Supreme Court is India’s apex judicial institution and the final court of appeal.

Statement 2: Correct. Under Article 124, the Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President.

Statement 3: Incorrect. Supreme Court judges retire at 65 years of age, whereas High Court judges retire at 62 years.

Statement 4: Correct. The Supreme Court exercises original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction under different constitutional provisions.

Remember for Prelims:

• Article 124: Establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court.
• Article 131: Original jurisdiction.
• Article 136: Special Leave Petition.
• Article 137: Power of review.
• Article 143: Advisory jurisdiction.
• Article 141: Law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts within India.
• Article 142: Power to pass orders necessary for complete justice.

Correct Answer: (b) 1, 3 and 4 only

Explanation:

Statement 1: Correct. DPSPs are contained in Part IV of the Constitution, covering Articles 36 to 51.

Statement 2: Incorrect. DPSPs are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be directly enforced by courts. However, Article 37 declares them fundamental in the governance of the country.

Statement 3: Correct. DPSPs aim to establish a welfare state by promoting social, economic and political justice.

Statement 4: Correct. The framers of the Indian Constitution drew inspiration for DPSPs from the Irish Constitution.

Remember for Prelims:

• Article 38: Promotion of welfare and reduction of inequalities.
• Article 39A: Equal justice and free legal aid.
• Article 40: Organisation of village panchayats.
• Article 44: Uniform Civil Code.
• Article 48A: Protection of the environment, forests and wildlife.
• Article 50: Separation of judiciary from executive.
• Article 51: Promotion of international peace and security.

Correct Answer: (c) Only three

Explanation:

Statement 1: Correct. Article 79 provides that Parliament consists of the President and two Houses: the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha).

Statement 2: Correct. Rajya Sabha is a permanent House. Approximately one-third of its members retire every two years.

Statement 3: Incorrect. A Money Bill can be introduced only in Lok Sabha, as provided under Article 109.

Statement 4: Correct. The Speaker presides over the sittings of Lok Sabha and maintains order during parliamentary proceedings.

Remember for Prelims:

• Article 79: Constitution of Parliament.
• Article 80: Composition of Rajya Sabha.
• Article 81: Composition of Lok Sabha.
• Article 93: Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha.
• Article 110: Definition of Money Bill.
• Article 112: Annual Financial Statement.
• Rajya Sabha can retain a Money Bill for a maximum of 14 days.
• The Vice-President is the ex officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.

Correct Answer: (a) 1, 3 and 4 only

Explanation:

Statement 1: Correct. Under Article 53, the executive power of the Union is vested in the President, who is the constitutional head of the Union executive.

Statement 2: Incorrect. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both Houses of Parliament and elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States, Delhi and Puducherry.

Statement 3: Correct. Article 56 provides that the President holds office for five years from the date of entering office, subject to constitutional provisions.

Statement 4: Correct. Under Article 61, the President can be impeached for violation of the Constitution.

Remember for Prelims:

• Article 52: Office of the President.
• Article 53: Executive power of the Union.
• Article 54: Election of the President.
• Article 56: Term of office.
• Article 61: Impeachment procedure.
• Minimum age for election as President: 35 years.
• The President is eligible for re-election.

Correct Answer: (b) 1, 2 and 3 only

Explanation:

Statement 1: Correct. Part III of the Constitution, comprising Articles 12 to 35, deals with Fundamental Rights.

Statement 2: Correct. Articles 14 to 18 collectively guarantee the Right to Equality, including equality before the law, prohibition of discrimination, equality of opportunity in public employment, abolition of untouchability and abolition of titles.

Statement 3: Correct. Article 32 guarantees the right to approach the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

Statement 4: Incorrect. Certain Fundamental Rights, such as those under Articles 14 and 21, are available to all persons, including foreigners. However, rights under Article 19 are available only to citizens.

Remember for Prelims:

• Article 14: Equality before the law and equal protection of the laws.
• Article 17: Abolition of untouchability.
• Article 19: Six freedoms available to citizens.
• Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty.
• Article 21A: Right to education for children aged 6–14 years.
• Article 32: Constitutional remedies.