Jyotiba Phule: 200th Birth Anniversary, Reforms and Trutiya Ratna for UPSC

Context: Jyotiba Phule

200th birth anniversary of Jyotiba Phule (1827–1890) is being commemorated; known as a pioneer of anti-caste movement and women’s education in India.

Core contributions

  1. Anti-caste reform
    • Challenged Brahmanical dominance and caste hierarchy
    • Focused on upliftment of Shudras and Dalits
  2. Women’s education
    • Along with Savitribai Phule, started first girls’ school in Pune (1848)
    • Promoted education as tool of empowerment
  3. Satyashodhak Samaj (1873)
    • Founded for social equality, rationalism, and truth-seeking
    • Opposed caste-based rituals and priesthood
  4. Social reforms
    • Against child marriage and untouchability
    • Supported widow remarriage and dignity of women

Important works

  1. Gulamgiri (1873)
    • Exposed caste oppression; compared it with slavery
  2. Shetkaryacha Asud
    • Highlighted exploitation of peasants
  3. Trutiya Ratna (1855)
    • First modern social Marathi play; attacked superstition

Sarvajanik Satya Dharma
• Idea of universal religion based on equality and justice

PYQ – 2025, Ans – A
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