Context: Leiden Copper Plates
India received the Chola-era Anaimangalam (Leiden) copper plates from the Netherlands, marking a major step in repatriation of India’s stolen antiquities and cultural heritage.
1. Anaimangalam Copper Plates
- Chola-period copper inscriptions written in Tamil and Sanskrit.
- Record land grants made to a Buddhist vihara at Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu.
- Also called Leiden Copper Plates as they were preserved at Leiden University, Netherlands.
2. Chola Kings Mentioned
- Raja Raja Chola I (985–1014 CE): Ordered construction of the vihara.
- Rajendra Chola I (1014–1044 CE): Expanded grants to the vihara.
- Kulottunga Chola I (1070–1120 CE): Continued patronage and support.
3. Historical Importance
- Reflect Chola maritime links with Southeast Asia/Srivijaya kingdom.
- Highlight Chola administration, temple grants, and overseas cultural influence.
- Carry Chola royal symbols like tiger, fish, and bow.
4. Importance of Repatriation
- Restores India’s cultural and historical heritage.
- Helps fight illegal antiquities trafficking.
- Encourages return of more Indian artefacts from foreign museums and institutions.
