Operation Sindoor and India’s Emerging Security Challenges | UPSC Internal Security

Context: Operation Sindoor

Operation Sindoor and the Pahalgam terror attack highlighted emerging challenges in India’s counter-terrorism and security strategy.

Operation Sindoor
Operation Sindoor

Key Challenges

  • Continued cross-border terrorism & infiltration
  • Growing China–Pakistan defence cooperation
  • Rise of drones, cyber and hybrid warfare
  • Importance of intelligence and surveillance
  • Increasing role of global narrative and diplomacy

What India Needs

  • Faster defence modernisation
  • Better intelligence coordination
  • Indigenous defence technology
  • Greater private sector participation
  • Stronger strategic partnerships

Core Idea

Future security challenges will depend not only on military strength, but also on technology, intelligence, cyber capability and strategic communication.

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