Context
The U.S. has initiated investigations against 16 economies including India under Section 301(b) of the U.S. Trade Act, 1974, examining practices considered to burden U.S. commerce and potentially paving the ground for tariffs once temporary duties lapse.
Why India is Included
- Alleged excess production capacity in sectors such as:
- petrochemicals
- steel
- solar modules
- Concerns over surplus-driven exports affecting U.S. industries.
- India’s goods trade surplus with the U.S.
Approximately $58 billion (recent estimate).
Section 301
- A unilateral U.S. trade law tool under the Trade Act, 1974.
- Targets foreign practices considered:
- unreasonable
- discriminatory
- restrictive
- Authorises the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) to investigate.
- Allows retaliatory steps such as tariffs or restrictions after investigation.
Countries Covered
- China
- European Union
- Singapore
- Switzerland
- Norway
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Cambodia
- Thailand
- South Korea
- Vietnam
- Taiwan
- Bangladesh
- Mexico
- Japan
