Somalia and Somaliland: Constitutional Reforms, Political Violence and UPSC Notes

Context: Political Violence in Somalia
55 people were injured in Mogadishu during protests against constitutional and electoral reforms proposed by President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud.

Somalia and Somaliland: Basics

Somalia

  • Located in the Horn of Africa.
  • Capital: Mogadishu.
  • Borders: Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya.
  • Water bodies: Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean.
  • Political instability has continued since the fall of Siad Barre in 1991.

Somaliland

  • Former British Somaliland.
  • United with Italian Somaliland in 1960.
  • Declared independence in 1991.
  • Capital: Hargeisa.
  • Has its own government, parliament, currency and security forces.

Recent Update

  • Ethiopia–Somaliland MoU on Berbera Port: Ethiopia obtained access to the Red Sea through Berbera Port in Somaliland.
  • Israel reportedly became the first country to recognise Somaliland as an independent sovereign state.
  • Somalia opposes any recognition of Somaliland, considering it part of its sovereign territory.

PYQ Link

  • Dadaab Refugee Complex in Kenya hosts refugees from Somalia.
  • Country associated with prolonged civil strife and state collapse: Somalia.
Somalia and Somaliland
Somalia and Somaliland
Somalia and Somaliland
Somalia and Somaliland
Somalia and Somaliland
Somalia and Somaliland
Somalia and Somaliland
Somalia and Somaliland
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Somalia and Somaliland: Constitutional Reforms, Political Violence and UPSC Notes

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