LNT Model and ALARA Principle in Radiation Safety Debate | UPSC GS3
Context
The U.S. Department of Energy removed the ALARA radiation-safety rule, raising concerns because ALARA and LNT have guided global radiation safety.
1. What is the LNT model?
LNT = Linear No-Threshold model
Simple meaning:
• Any amount of ionising radiation—even smallest dose—can increase cancer risk.
• No safe minimum limit.
• Risk increases linearly with exposure.
Used globally for radiation exposure limits in nuclear plants, workers, medical use.
2. What is ALARA?
ALARA = As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Simple meaning:
• Keep radiation exposure as low as possible using shielding, monitoring, engineering controls.
• Balance safety with cost and feasibility.
• Operational safety principle used with LNT.
3. Why did the U.S. remove ALARA?
DOE said:
• Modern nuclear tech can work more efficiently if strict ALARA framework is relaxed.
• ALARA often misapplied causing regulatory burdens.
