Mali conflict and demand for Russian withdrawal – Key developments for UPSC

Context: Mali conflict

Tuareg rebels in Mali demand the withdrawal of Russian-backed forces amid escalating conflict in the country.

PYQ – 2023, Ans – D

Key Points

  • Mali is unstable after military coups → currently ruled by a military junta
  • Three main actors:
    • Junta (government)
    • Tuareg rebels (seeking autonomy in north – Azawad)
    • Jihadist groups (ISIS/Al-Qaeda linked)
  • France earlier:
    • Led counter-terror operations (Operation Barkhane)
    • Withdrew in 2022 due to tensions with Mali
  • Russia now:
    • Filled the vacuum with paramilitary forces (Africa Corps/Wagner-type)
    • Supports the junta militarily
  • Current issue:
    • Rebels captured key areas (e.g., Kidal)
    • Demand Russia’s withdrawal, accusing it of backing repression
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