Context: India-Italy Relations, During Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Italy, India and Italy upgraded bilateral ties to a “Special Strategic Partnership” and signed a defence cooperation pact amid geopolitical tensions in Ukraine and West Asia.
1. India–Italy Relations
- Diplomatic relations established in 1947
- Italy is an important partner of India in the European Union (EU)
- Cooperation spans trade, defence, technology, clean energy and mobility
2. Special Strategic Partnership
- Focus on defence and security cooperation
- Expansion in trade, investment and advanced technology
- Cooperation in clean energy, innovation and skilled workforce mobility
- Emphasis on dialogue and diplomacy in global conflicts
3. Strategic Importance
- Italy provides access to Mediterranean trade routes and European markets
- Important for India’s Europe outreach and supply-chain diversification
- Enhances cooperation in Indo-Pacific and connectivity initiatives like India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)
4. Recent Developments
- Joint Strategic Action Plan (2025–29) launched
- Growing cooperation in Artificial Intelligence (AI), cyber security, green hydrogen and defence manufacturing
- Both countries are members of G20 and Global Biofuels Alliance




