About Copper
- Copper (Cu) is a naturally occurring chemical element and one of the earliest metals used by humans, with a history of over 10,000 years.
- It is a native metal, meaning it can occur in free form in nature.
- Common copper-bearing minerals include:
- Chalcopyrite (primary ore)
- Chalcocite
- Bornite
Key Properties of Copper
Physical Properties
- Excellent electrical and thermal conductivity
- Highly malleable and ductile
- Resistant to corrosion
Environmental Property
- 100% recyclable without loss of quality
- Considered an eco-friendly and sustainable metal
Major Copper Reserves
In India
- Rajasthan: Khetri–Jhunjhunu belt
- Madhya Pradesh: Malanjkhand mine (largest open-pit copper mine in India)
- Jharkhand: Singhbhum Copper Belt (oldest copper mining region)
Global Copper-Rich Countries
- Chile
- Peru
- Australia
- Russia
Applications of Copper
Electrical & Electronics
- Power cables, wiring, motors, transformers
- Integrated circuits and semiconductor components
Construction
- Plumbing systems
- Roofing and heating equipment
Automobile Industry
- Radiators, wiring harnesses, connectors
- Critical for electric vehicles (EVs) due to high copper intensity
Renewable Energy
- Wind turbines
- Solar panels
- EV charging infrastructure
Why Copper Is Strategically Important
- Essential for energy transition and decarbonisation
- High demand from EV batteries, renewable grids, and smart infrastructure
- Considered a critical mineral for future green technologies
