Context: US Iran nuclear issue
Following Iran–United States (US) talks in Islamabad, both sides have made progress, but disagreements persist over nuclear capability, regional security, and control of strategic routes.
Nuclear Issue (Highly Enriched Uranium)
• Problem: Iran possesses about 400 kg of uranium enriched up to 60%, close to weapons-grade (sufficient for ~10–12 nuclear bombs if further enriched).
• Resolution: Iran to hand over or dilute HEU and cap enrichment at 3.67%; in return, the US to lift nuclear sanctions, allow International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspections, and support peaceful nuclear use.
Strait of Hormuz
• Problem: Iran is militarising the Strait of Hormuz and considering levying tolls on shipping, threatening a key global oil transit route.
• Resolution: The US to ease non-nuclear sanctions and release frozen Iranian assets, reducing Iran’s need for coercive leverage and ensuring free and secure maritime movement.
Israel–Hezbollah Conflict (Lebanon)
• Problem: Iran backs Hezbollah, while the US supports Israel, prolonging conflict in Lebanon.
• Resolution: US and Iran to pressure their respective allies to initiate negotiations, aiming for time-bound de-escalation.
