What is the UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE)?

The UPSC CSE is India’s most prestigious exam conducted to recruit IAS, IPS, IFS, and other Group A & B officers. It has three stages: Prelims, Mains, and Interview.

Who is eligible to apply for UPSC CSE?

Any graduate between 21–32 years of age (with relaxation for reserved categories) can apply. Both final-year students and professionals are eligible.

How many attempts are allowed in UPSC?

General: 6 attempts (till 32 years); OBC(NCL): 9 attempts (till 35 years); SC/ST: Unlimited attempts (till 37 years).

What is the exam pattern of UPSC?

Prelims: Objective (GS & CSAT); Mains: 9 Descriptive Papers (Essay, 4 GS, 2 Optional, 2 Qualifying Language Papers); Interview/Personality Test: Final stage.

How should a beginner start UPSC preparation?

For self-learners: Start with NCERTs (Class 6–12), followed by standard reference books, daily newspaper reading, and consistent answer writing practice. Students associated with 'UnderStand UPSC': Follow the guidance provided by the team of mentors led by Satyam Jain Sir.

Which books are best for UPSC preparation?

Polity: Laxmikanth; History: Spectrum + NCERTs; Geography: NCERT + GC Leong; Economy: Ramesh Singh + Current Affairs; Environment: Majid Husain.

Is coaching necessary for UPSC?

Not compulsory. With the right strategy, self-discipline, and resources, many toppers have cleared UPSC without coaching. Coaching, however, can provide structured guidance.

How important is Current Affairs in UPSC?

Extremely important. Questions in Prelims, Mains, and Interviews are linked to current issues. Reading newspapers like The Hindu/Indian Express or using monthly compilations is essential.

How much time is required to prepare for UPSC?

On average, 1.5 to 2 years of focused preparation with 8–10 hours daily study is ideal. Consistency matters more than duration.

What is the role of NCERTs in UPSC preparation?

NCERTs build strong conceptual clarity in subjects like History, Geography, Polity, and Economy. They are the foundation of UPSC preparation.

How can I manage UPSC preparation with a job?

Follow a time-blocking strategy, prioritize weekends for deep study, and focus on smart notes & revision. Many working professionals have successfully cleared UPSC.

Does UPSC preparation require English medium only?

No. UPSC allows candidates to write Mains in any of the 22 scheduled languages. Many toppers have cleared UPSC in Hindi and regional languages.

What is the cut-off for UPSC Prelims (General Category)?

The cut-off changes every year but usually ranges between 75–98 marks depending on difficulty, vacancies, and number of applicants.

How should I prepare for UPSC answer writing?

Practice daily or weekly answer writing, focus on structure (Intro–Body–Conclusion), and include facts, examples, and current affairs.

Where can I get free UPSC resources?

You can download NCERTs, UPSC Previous Year Papers, Daily Current Affairs PDFs, and Notes for free from the Understand UPSC Free Resources section.

Is CSAT qualifying in UPSC Prelims?

Yes. Candidates need to score at least 33% (66 marks) in CSAT to qualify.

What is the exam pattern of UPSC Prelims?

Two papers: General Studies (200 marks) and CSAT (200 marks, qualifying). Both are objective type.

What is UnderStand UPSC and how is it different from other coaching institutes?

UnderStand UPSC is a mentorship-driven EdTech platform for UPSC aspirants focusing on personalized guidance, affordability, and credibility — unlike traditional coaching setups.

What courses do you offer for UPSC preparation?

We offer Conquer Program (Mains Mentorship), UpSurge Mains Test Series, Transform (Foundation), CSAT by Saransh Gupta Sir, Prelims MAD Execute, Prelims Test Series, Answer Writing Programs, and Optional Subject Mentorship.

How does the mentorship program work?

Each group on Telegram is assigned a mentor who reviews test copies, provides feedback, tracks progress, and conducts sessions via Zoom or Google Meet.

Do you provide online or offline classes?

Yes, both modes are available. Offline has limited seats; online ensures access across India with live mentorship and test feedback.

How can I enroll in a course?

You can register via our website (www.understandupsc.com), mobile app, or contact team. Enrolled students receive LMS access with all resources.

Do you provide free resources?

Yes. Free resources include NCERT PDFs, UPSC Academic Calendar, Syllabus, PYQs, and Daily Current Affairs — available in the Free Resources Section.

How do your test series work?

Our test series mirror UPSC standards, are evaluated by mentors, and come with personalized feedback to ensure continuous improvement.

What is the fee structure for your programs?

Fees vary by program but are designed to remain affordable while maintaining quality. Check the latest pricing on the Courses Page.

Can working professionals also join your programs?

Yes. Our mentorship is flexible and personalized, helping working aspirants balance jobs with preparation.

Do you provide guidance for the UPSC Interview/Personality Test?

Yes. We conduct mock interviews, DAF-based guidance, and personality development under the ANTIM-PAG program.

Do you provide study material and notes?

Yes. Students receive curated notes, strategic value additions, and daily/weekly study targets complementing NCERTs and standard books.

How can I contact the team for queries?

You can contact us via email at support@understandupsc.com or call our helpline at +91 8377072252.

Does UnderStand UPSC provide online classes?

Yes, we offer live online sessions, recorded lectures, and continuous mentorship support.

Are test series available separately?

Yes. We provide separate Prelims and Mains test series with detailed evaluation and feedback, aligned with our classroom programs.

Illegal coal mine blast Meghalaya: Rat-hole mining deaths | GS 3

February 6, 2026

Source: The Hindu, Tags: 6 Feb 2026, Disaster, Environment, GS3

Context
• 18 miners were killed after a suspected dynamite blast in an illegal rat-hole coal mine in East Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya.

Rat-hole mining
• Narrow vertical pits where workers crawl horizontally to extract coal.
• Extremely unsafe and hazardous.
• Banned by National Green Tribunal (NGT) in 2014 due to deaths, child labour, pollution and illegal operations.

National Green Tribunal (NGT)
• Established: 2010 under NGT Act, 2010
• Purpose: Speedy disposal of environmental cases
• Time limit: Within 6 months (statutory)
• Jurisdiction:
• Environmental protection
• Conservation of forests
• Pollution control
• Hazardous waste
• Covers Acts:
• Environment Protection Act, 1986
• Water Act, 1974
• Air Act, 1981
• Forest Conservation Act, 1980
• Biological Diversity Act, 2002
• Powers:
• Civil court powers
• Award compensation
• Impose penalties
• Appeal: Lies only to Supreme Court within 90 days

Sodium-ion batteries as alternative to lithium-ion | GS 3

February 6, 2026

Source: The Hindu, Tags: 6 Feb 2026, Energy, GS3, Science & Technology

Context
• India’s heavy dependence on lithium-ion batteries creates supply-chain risks due to reliance on imported critical minerals.
• Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a safer, cheaper and less resource-intensive alternative.

Lithium-ion batteries – key points
• Widely used in mobiles, laptops, EVs, power banks and grid storage.
• Strengths: High energy density, mature technology, efficient performance.

Challenges
• Dependence on critical minerals: lithium, cobalt, nickel (mostly imported).
• High cost due to mining concentration in few countries.
• Performance drops in extreme temperatures.
• Safety issues: thermal runaway risk.
• Supply-chain vulnerability affecting EV ambitions.

Sodium-ion batteries
• Uses sodium, which is abundant in nature (seawater, salts).
• Compatible with existing Li-ion manufacturing lines (low transition cost).
• Slightly lower energy density than Li-ion, but improving rapidly.

Minor Forest Produce procurement drops 92% at MSP | GS 3

February 6, 2026

Source: The Hindu, Tags: 6 Feb 2026, Economy, GS3, Tribal Issues

Context
• Government data shows a 92% drop in procurement of Minor Forest Produce (MFP) at MSP across 19 States in 2024–25 compared to 2023–24.

Minor Forest Produce (MFP) – Prelims basics
• Meaning: Non-timber forest products such as tendu leaves, bamboo, mahua flowers, gums, resins, medicinal plants, etc.
• Importance: Major livelihood source for Scheduled Tribes and forest-dependent communities.

Legal and rights framework
• Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006
• Section 3(1)(c): STs and OTFDs have ownership and collection rights over MFP.
• Gram Sabha: Primary authority to regulate access, pricing and management of MFP.

MSP for MFP Scheme
• Launched: 2013
• Objective: Provide fair prices and reduce exploitation by middlemen
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Tribal Affairs
• Implementing Agency: TRIFED
• Coverage: 25+ MFP items (tendu, sal seed, lac, neem seed, etc.)

Sudan civil conflict: Army breaks RSF siege in Kadugli | GS 2

February 6, 2026

Source: The Hindu (World), Tags: 6 Feb 2026, GS2, International Relations

Context
• Sudan’s national army broke a paramilitary siege on Kadugli, a key city in the Kordofan region.
• The siege was imposed by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).
• Part of Sudan’s ongoing civil conflict that began nearly three years ago.

India GCC FTA talks begin with signing of ToR | GS 2

February 6, 2026

Source: The Hindu, Tags: 6 Feb 2026, GS2, International Relations, Trade

Context
• India and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) signed the Terms of Reference (ToR) to begin formal negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA).
• GCC is India’s largest merchandise trade partner, bigger than the EU and the U.S.

Terms of Reference (ToR) – Prelims basics
• Framework document that defines:
• Scope and objectives of negotiations
• Process and timelines
• Issues to be covered (tariffs, services, investments, rules of origin, etc.)
• Commitments expected from parties
• Mechanisms for negotiation and decision-making
• ToR is not the agreement; it is the starting blueprint for formal FTA talks.

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
• Established: 1981 (Riyadh Agreement)
• Members: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE
• Headquarters: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• Type: Political and economic union of Gulf Arab states

India–GCC relevance
• India’s largest merchandise trade bloc
• Major source of oil and gas
• Over 8 million Indian diaspora
• Large remittance inflows
• Significant potential for FTA in goods, services and investments

6 Feb 2026 | Daily Current Affairs

Illegal coal mine blast Meghalaya: Rat-hole mining deaths | GS 3

Sodium-ion batteries as alternative to lithium-ion | GS 3

Minor Forest Produce procurement drops 92% at MSP | GS 3

Sudan civil conflict: Army breaks RSF siege in Kadugli | GS 2

India GCC FTA talks begin with signing of ToR | GS 2

Student Desk

Student Testimonial

Request Callback

Help Desk

Login

Contact Us

Event Gallery

Resources

Daily Current Affairs

UPSC PYQ

Free Mock Tests

Demo Lectures

Strategy

Blog

Support

FAQs

Terms & Conditions

Privacy Policy

Cancellation/ Refund Policy

Career

Social Service

Download New App

Download Old App

About the UPSC Civil Services Examination (UPSC CSE)

How to Prepare Effectively for UPSC CSE

Why Choose UnderStand UPSC?

Join the UnderStand UPSC Learning Community

6 Feb 2026 | Daily Current Affairs

Student Desk

Resources

Free Mock Tests

Support

Social Service

Download New App

Download Old App

About the UPSC Civil Services Examination (UPSC CSE)

How to Prepare Effectively for UPSC CSE

Why Choose UnderStand UPSC?

Join the UnderStand UPSC Learning Community

Join the Success Journey!