Ebola Virus Disease: WHO Warns of Rising Risk Amid Conflict in DRC

Context: Ebola Virus Disease
WHO warned that the ongoing conflict in Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of Congo is hampering efforts to contain a fresh Ebola outbreak, with insecurity, displacement and weak healthcare infrastructure increasing the risk of transmission.

Ebola Virus Disease

  • Type: Viral Haemorrhagic Fever
  • Family: Filoviridae
  • First identified: 1976 near Ebola River, Democratic Republic of Congo
  • Reservoir host: Fruit bats

Transmission

  • Infected animals
  • Blood / body fluids
  • Contaminated objects
  • Infected corpses

Symptoms

  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Muscle pain
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Bleeding
  • Multi-organ failure

Case Fatality Rate

  • 25–90%

Important Prelims Facts

  • Current strain: Bundibugyo Ebola Virus
  • Ituri and North Kivu are provinces of eastern DRC.
  • These regions are recurrent hotspots of armed conflict and Ebola outbreaks.

Control Measures

  • Isolation
  • Contact tracing
  • Safe burial practices
  • PPE
  • Vaccination for certain strains

WHO Headquarters

  • Geneva, Switzerland

PYQ Linkage

  • UPSC Prelims 2023: North Kivu and Ituri were in news due to conflict and Ebola outbreaks in DRC.
  • UPSC Prelims 2015: Ebola epidemic was associated with Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia.
PYQ – 2015, Ans – B
PYQ – 2023, Ans – D
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