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18 March 2026 | Daily Current Affairs

Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam Implementation Delay and Key Issues for UPSC

Context

The implementation of the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023 (106th Constitutional Amendment) is delayed, with Congress demanding an all-party meeting over lack of clarity on its rollout.

1. Basics of the Act

• Provides 33% reservation for women in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies
• Includes sub-reservation for SC/ST women
• No provision for OBC women reservation

2. Implementation Condition

• To be implemented after:
• Next Census (first Census after the Act – expected 2027)
• Delimitation exercise based on that Census
• Seats will be rotated after delimitation

3. Issues Raised by Congress

• Delay in implementation despite law being passed
• Demand for all-party meeting
• Lack of clear timeline/roadmap
• Concerns over changes in implementation (like rotation method)

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PYQ – 2024, Ans – C

Ladakh Sixth Schedule Demand and Statehood Issue Explained for UPSC

Context

Despite the release of Sonam Wangchuk, Ladakh continues to witness unrest over unresolved demands related to statehood, Sixth Schedule status, and greater autonomy, with talks between the Centre and local bodies remaining inconclusive.

Key Points

• Temporary relief, core issue persists → detention-release did not resolve political demands
• Trust deficit → local groups question Centre’s approach
• Continued protests → Leh (rallies), Kargil (shutdowns); talks with Leh Apex Body and Kargil Democratic Alliance inconclusive
• Core demands → (i) Statehood (representation) (ii) Sixth Schedule (tribal, land, cultural safeguards)
• Strategic angle → border region (China-Pakistan) makes stability crucial

Sixth Schedule

Under Articles 244(2) & 275(1), provides Autonomous District Councils with powers over land, forests, governance and culture; applicable in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram; demand in Ladakh aims at protecting tribal identity post-UT status.

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PYQ – 2015, Ans – A

BRICS Science and Technology Cooperation Challenges and Way Forward for UPSC

Context

While BRICS has made visible progress in macroeconomic and financial cooperation, its collaboration in science, technology and innovation (STI) remains comparatively limited and uneven, highlighting the need for deeper institutional coordination.

Key Points

• Broad agenda → cooperation in energy, health, environment, digital technologies
• Mechanisms → ministerial meetings, working groups, STI Action Plan, Technology Transfer Centre
• Uneven outcomes → faster gains in AI & biotechnology; slow progress in mega-science collaboration
• Constraints → funding gaps, absence of permanent institutional structure, unequal capacities, weak data-sharing
• Way forward → institutional strengthening, higher funding, inclusive partnerships, focus on global challenges

BRICS

• Intergovernmental grouping of major emerging economies for economic, political and development cooperation
• Members → Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa + Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, UAE & Indonesia.
• Focus areas → macroeconomy, finance, development, security, technology, climate, health
• Key mechanisms → New Development Bank (NDB), Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA)
• Purpose → strengthen South-South cooperation and push for reforms in global governance institutions (IMF, World Bank)

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PYQ – 2025, Ans – A

India Pakistan Kabul Airstrike Issue and Rising Tensions Explained for UPSC

Context

India condemned Pakistan’s airstrike on a drug rehabilitation centre in Kabul (Omid Drug Addiction Treatment Hospital), which reportedly killed around 400 civilians and escalated tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Key Points

• Civilian target → rehab centre hit, large-scale casualties
• India’s position → termed act unjustified, against humanity
• Afghanistan’s view → violation of sovereignty and airspace
• Escalation → rising Pakistan-Afghanistan tensions
• Background → facility earlier a U.S. military base, now rehab centre

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Adoptive Mothers Maternity Leave Supreme Court Judgment Explained for UPSC

Context

The Supreme Court removed restrictive conditions in maternity laws and held that adoptive mothers are entitled to 12 weeks paid leave.

Key Points

• Two laws exist → Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 (in force) and Code on Social Security, 2020 (not fully implemented)
• Earlier provision (in both laws) →
Adoptive mother gets 12 weeks leave only if child < 3 months
• Issue → adoption process delay → many mothers denied leave
• Supreme Court ruling →
• Removed 3-month condition
• All adoptive mothers eligible for 12 weeks leave
• Principle → maternity benefit based on caregiving and bonding, not technical conditions

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