What is the UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE)?

The UPSC CSE is India’s most prestigious exam conducted to recruit IAS, IPS, IFS, and other Group A & B officers. It has three stages: Prelims, Mains, and Interview.

Who is eligible to apply for UPSC CSE?

Any graduate between 21–32 years of age (with relaxation for reserved categories) can apply. Both final-year students and professionals are eligible.

How many attempts are allowed in UPSC?

General: 6 attempts (till 32 years); OBC(NCL): 9 attempts (till 35 years); SC/ST: Unlimited attempts (till 37 years).

What is the exam pattern of UPSC?

Prelims: Objective (GS & CSAT); Mains: 9 Descriptive Papers (Essay, 4 GS, 2 Optional, 2 Qualifying Language Papers); Interview/Personality Test: Final stage.

How should a beginner start UPSC preparation?

For self-learners: Start with NCERTs (Class 6–12), followed by standard reference books, daily newspaper reading, and consistent answer writing practice. Students associated with 'UnderStand UPSC': Follow the guidance provided by the team of mentors led by Satyam Jain Sir.

Which books are best for UPSC preparation?

Polity: Laxmikanth; History: Spectrum + NCERTs; Geography: NCERT + GC Leong; Economy: Ramesh Singh + Current Affairs; Environment: Majid Husain.

Is coaching necessary for UPSC?

Not compulsory. With the right strategy, self-discipline, and resources, many toppers have cleared UPSC without coaching. Coaching, however, can provide structured guidance.

How important is Current Affairs in UPSC?

Extremely important. Questions in Prelims, Mains, and Interviews are linked to current issues. Reading newspapers like The Hindu/Indian Express or using monthly compilations is essential.

How much time is required to prepare for UPSC?

On average, 1.5 to 2 years of focused preparation with 8–10 hours daily study is ideal. Consistency matters more than duration.

What is the role of NCERTs in UPSC preparation?

NCERTs build strong conceptual clarity in subjects like History, Geography, Polity, and Economy. They are the foundation of UPSC preparation.

How can I manage UPSC preparation with a job?

Follow a time-blocking strategy, prioritize weekends for deep study, and focus on smart notes & revision. Many working professionals have successfully cleared UPSC.

Does UPSC preparation require English medium only?

No. UPSC allows candidates to write Mains in any of the 22 scheduled languages. Many toppers have cleared UPSC in Hindi and regional languages.

What is the cut-off for UPSC Prelims (General Category)?

The cut-off changes every year but usually ranges between 75–98 marks depending on difficulty, vacancies, and number of applicants.

How should I prepare for UPSC answer writing?

Practice daily or weekly answer writing, focus on structure (Intro–Body–Conclusion), and include facts, examples, and current affairs.

Where can I get free UPSC resources?

You can download NCERTs, UPSC Previous Year Papers, Daily Current Affairs PDFs, and Notes for free from the Understand UPSC Free Resources section.

Is CSAT qualifying in UPSC Prelims?

Yes. Candidates need to score at least 33% (66 marks) in CSAT to qualify.

What is the exam pattern of UPSC Prelims?

Two papers: General Studies (200 marks) and CSAT (200 marks, qualifying). Both are objective type.

What is UnderStand UPSC and how is it different from other coaching institutes?

UnderStand UPSC is a mentorship-driven EdTech platform for UPSC aspirants focusing on personalized guidance, affordability, and credibility — unlike traditional coaching setups.

What courses do you offer for UPSC preparation?

We offer Conquer Program (Mains Mentorship), UpSurge Mains Test Series, Transform (Foundation), CSAT by Saransh Gupta Sir, Prelims MAD Execute, Prelims Test Series, Answer Writing Programs, and Optional Subject Mentorship.

How does the mentorship program work?

Each group on Telegram is assigned a mentor who reviews test copies, provides feedback, tracks progress, and conducts sessions via Zoom or Google Meet.

Do you provide online or offline classes?

Yes, both modes are available. Offline has limited seats; online ensures access across India with live mentorship and test feedback.

How can I enroll in a course?

You can register via our website (www.understandupsc.com), mobile app, or contact team. Enrolled students receive LMS access with all resources.

Do you provide free resources?

Yes. Free resources include NCERT PDFs, UPSC Academic Calendar, Syllabus, PYQs, and Daily Current Affairs — available in the Free Resources Section.

How do your test series work?

Our test series mirror UPSC standards, are evaluated by mentors, and come with personalized feedback to ensure continuous improvement.

What is the fee structure for your programs?

Fees vary by program but are designed to remain affordable while maintaining quality. Check the latest pricing on the Courses Page.

Can working professionals also join your programs?

Yes. Our mentorship is flexible and personalized, helping working aspirants balance jobs with preparation.

Do you provide guidance for the UPSC Interview/Personality Test?

Yes. We conduct mock interviews, DAF-based guidance, and personality development under the ANTIM-PAG program.

Do you provide study material and notes?

Yes. Students receive curated notes, strategic value additions, and daily/weekly study targets complementing NCERTs and standard books.

How can I contact the team for queries?

You can contact us via email at support@understandupsc.com or call our helpline at +91 8377072252.

Does UnderStand UPSC provide online classes?

Yes, we offer live online sessions, recorded lectures, and continuous mentorship support.

Are test series available separately?

Yes. We provide separate Prelims and Mains test series with detailed evaluation and feedback, aligned with our classroom programs.

Finland to hold road shows on circular economy in India

December 3, 2025

Sourse: The Hindu, Tags: 3 Dec 2025, Environment, GS3 (Environment), Prelims

1. Context

• India will host the World Circular Economy Forum (WCEF) 2026.
• Finland to hold roadshows across major Indian cities to promote circular economy and explore collaborations.
• Aim: Shift India’s focus from waste management to product design, production & longer product lifespan.

2. What is Circular Economy?

• Economic model focused on reduce–reuse–recycle–recover.
• Opposite of linear “take–make–dispose”.
• Enhances resource efficiency, reduces waste, extends product lifecycle.

3. Key Data (Very Important for Mains)

India’s potential: $2 trillion market by 2050 & 10 million jobs by 2050 (GoI estimate).
Global benefits:
• Circular economy could generate $4.5 trillion economic gains by 2030 (UNDP).
• Business interest:
• 70% of CEOs globally interested in circular economy models.

4. Significance for India

• Supports green growth, job creation, resource security, and climate commitments.
• Opens business opportunities in recycling, refurbishing, logistics, and clean technologies.

A template for security cooperation in the Indian Ocean

December 3, 2025

Sourse: The Hindu, Tags: 3 Dec 2025, GS2, International Relations, International Relations – GS2

1. CONTEXT (Why in News?)

• India hosted the 7th National Security Adviser–level summit of the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) on 20 November 2025.

2. ARTICLE SUMMARY

A. CSC as a Key Security Platform
• CSC aims to be a critical forum for security cooperation in the Indian Ocean — maritime security, counter-terrorism, trafficking, cyber security.

B. Evolution of the Group
• Started as a trilateral (India–Sri Lanka–Maldives) in 2011.
• Revived in 2020 with a broader mandate.

Membership expanded:
• Mauritius joined as full member in 2022.
• Bangladesh admitted in 2024.
• Seychelles acceded as full member in 2025 (this summit).
• Malaysia participated as a guest at this summit.

C. Development & Maritime Security Link
• Indian Ocean countries depend heavily on oceans for economic progress → development priorities deeply tied to maritime security.

D. China Factor
• India views Chinese presence as a security challenge.
• Other CSC members see China more as a development partner, creating divergence within the group.
• India must strike a balance in steering CSC cooperation.

E. Need for Institutionalisation
• CSC currently operates at NSA-level; requires a stronger institutional framework for long-term coherence.
• Domestic uncertainties in some members (e.g., Bangladesh) may affect group resilience.

Only 20% accepted PM Internship Scheme offers

December 3, 2025

Sourse: The Hindu, Tags: 3 Dec 2025, Governance, Prelims, Schemes – GS2

1. CONTEXT (Why in News?)

• Government informed Parliament that although 1.65 lakh internship offers were made under the PM Internship Scheme’s pilot phase, only 20% were accepted.
• A large number of candidates also left the internships mid-way, showing low uptake and low completion.

2. WHAT IS THE PM INTERNSHIP SCHEME?

Announcement
• Announced in the Union Budget 2024.

Objective
• Provide 1 crore internship opportunities over 5 years in India’s top 500 companies.

Pilot Project
• Launched by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs in October 2024.
• Target of providing 1.25 lakh internship opportunities per year.

Centre says U.P. reported maximum complaints over Jal Jeevan Mission

December 3, 2025

Sourse: The Hindu, Tags: 3 Dec 2025, Governance, Prelims, Schemes – GS2

1. CONTEXT

• Centre reported 17,036 complaints of irregularities/poor work under JJM.
• Uttar Pradesh accounts for ~84% of these complaints.

2. JAL JEEVAN MISSION — KEY FACTS

• Launched: 2019
• Implementing Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti

Objective:
• Provide Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC) to all rural households.
• Ensure 55 litres per capita per day of safe drinking water (Har Ghar Jal).

Nature of Scheme:
• Single mission, launched once in 2019; implemented in phases.

Key Features:
• Focus on piped water supply, source sustainability, water quality testing, greywater management.
• Community role through Village Water & Sanitation Committees (VWSCs).

Funding Pattern:
• Centre–State share: 90:10 (NE/Himalayan), 50:50 (others), 100% for UTs.

Achievement (till 2025):
• Rural households with tap water: ~80%+ (up from 17% in 2019).

Sudan’s RSF takes control of West Kordofan town

December 3, 2025

Sourse: The Hindu, Tags: 3 Dec 2025, IR, Places in News – Prelims

1. Context

• Rapid Support Forces (RSF) claim capture of Babanusa, a strategic transport junction in West Kordofan State, Sudan.
• Sudanese Army denies the claim → ongoing fighting.

2. Babanusa (Place in News)

• Located in West Kordofan, southern Sudan.
• Important transport & railway junction.
• New frontline in the conflict.

3. What’s Happening?

• RSF claims takeover → army denies → both accuse each other of violating truce.

India took leading role after Cyclone Ditwah in Sri Lanka

December 3, 2025

Sourse: The Hindu, Tags: 3 Dec 2025, Disaster Management – GS2, GS3 – Economy, IR

Mains Enrichment: Operation Sagar Bandhu

• India’s humanitarian relief operation for Sri Lanka after Cyclone Ditwah, aligned with SAGAR Vision (Security and Growth for All in the Region).
• Demonstrates India’s role as a first responder in the Indian Ocean Region.

How to Use This Example in UPSC Answers

Neighbourhood First (GS2):
Highlights India’s commitment to assisting neighbours through rapid HADR support under Operation Sagar Bandhu.
Net Security Provider (GS3):
Shows India’s growing leadership in Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief in the IOR.

Ethics (GS4):
Strong example of compassion, solidarity, and moral responsibility in international conduct.

WHO backs use of GLP-1 drugs for weight loss

December 3, 2025

Sourse: The Hindu, Tags: 3 Dec 2025, GS2 – Health, Prelims – Health

1. CONTEXT (Why in News?)

• WHO has released global guidelines recommending the use of GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) therapies for treatment of obesity in adults.
• Comes amid rising obesity burden and high global economic cost (projected $3 trillion annually by 2030).

2. ABOUT GLP-1 DRUGS (Prelims Notes)

What are GLP-1 drugs?
• A class of hormone-mimicking injectable drugs.
• They mimic GLP-1, a natural gut hormone.

Examples:
• Semaglutide, Liraglutide (commonly known for brands like Ozempic/Wegovy).

How do they work?
• Increase insulin secretion.
• Slow gastric emptying → person feels full longer.
• Reduce appetite → significant weight loss.
• Improve metabolic health indicators.

WHO’s Key Recommendation
• Can be used for long-term treatment of obesity in adults.
• Except pregnant women.
• Must be combined with diet & physical activity — medication alone is not enough.

3 Dec, 2025

1. Context

2. What is Circular Economy?

3. Key Data (Very Important for Mains)

4. Significance for India

1. CONTEXT (Why in News?)

2. ARTICLE SUMMARY

1. CONTEXT (Why in News?)

2. WHAT IS THE PM INTERNSHIP SCHEME?

1. CONTEXT

2. JAL JEEVAN MISSION — KEY FACTS

1. Context

2. Babanusa (Place in News)

3. What’s Happening?

Mains Enrichment: Operation Sagar Bandhu

How to Use This Example in UPSC Answers

1. CONTEXT (Why in News?)

2. ABOUT GLP-1 DRUGS (Prelims Notes)

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